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基于水分亏缺指数的北疆甜菜不同生育阶段干旱状况时空分布特征

康丽娟,巴特尔·巴克*,薛亚荣,王孟辉,罗那那     

  1. (新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052)
  • 出版日期:2018-12-10 发布日期:2018-12-10

Spatiotemporal distribution of drought condition in different growth stages of sugarbeet in northern Xinjiang based on crop water deficit index.

KANG Li-juan, Batur Bake*, XUE Ya-rong, WANG Meng-hui, LUO Na-na   

  1. (College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China).
  • Online:2018-12-10 Published:2018-12-10

摘要: 干旱是众多极端气候事件中影响范围最大、最严重的自然灾害类型之一,严重制约着农牧业经济的发展,成为影响作物生长发育和产量形成的主要因素。为评估北疆甜菜生育期干旱状况,采用作物水分亏缺指数作为干旱指标,结合新疆历年干旱资料,选取典型干旱年份及其指数确定北疆甜菜干旱等级指标,分析近56年来北疆甜菜各生育期干旱强度、干旱站次比和干旱频率的时空分布特征。结果表明:甜菜各生育阶段干旱强度和干旱站次比均呈显著下降趋势,其中重旱站次比呈显著下降趋势,特旱站次比呈不显著下降趋势,轻旱站次比呈不显著增加趋势,无旱站次比呈显著增加趋势;特旱发生频率在甜菜生育阶段中期较前期和后期小,中旱和重旱发生频率在中期较前期和后期大;北疆北部地区在甜菜生育阶段前期重旱发生频率相对其他地区高,在后期重旱发生频率相对其他地区较低,北疆大部分地区在甜菜生长的三个阶段中旱发生频率均较其他等级干旱发生频率高。

关键词: 浅埋滴灌, 水肥耦合, 辽西半干旱区, 春玉米, 产量

Abstract: Among many extreme climate events, drought is one of the most influential and most serious natural disasters, which affects the growth and development of crops and the formation of yield and thus seriously restricts the development of agricultural economy. We evaluated the drought condition during sugarbeet growth period in northern Xinjiang with the crop water deficit index as a drought index. Drought grade index of sugarbeet in northern Xinjiang was determined by selecting typical drought years and drought index in combination with drought data of Xinjiang over several decades. The spatial and temporal distribution of drought intensity, drought station ratio and drought frequency in different growth stages of sugarbeet in northern Xinjiang in the past 56 years were analyzed. The results showed that drought intensity and the ratio of dry stations in each growth stage of sugarbeet showed a significant downward trend. Among them, the ratio of severe drought stations substantially decreased, the ratio of extreme drought stations showed a trend of no significant decrease, the ratio of light drought stations showed a trend of no significant increase, while the ratio of nondrought stations showed a trend of significant increase. The occurrence frequency of extreme drought in the middle growth stage of sugarbeet was lower than that in the early and late growth stages, and the frequency of mild drought and severe drought was larger than that in early and later stages. The frequency of severe drought in the northern part of northern Xinjiang was higher than that in other regions in the early stage of sugarbeet growth, but it was lower in the later stage. The mild drought in the three stages of sugarbeet growth in most areas of northern Xinjiang occurred more frequently than other grades of drought.

Key words: spring maize, yield, water-fertilizer coupling, semi-arid region of western Liaoning Province, shallow-buried drip irrigation