圈养雄性林麝(Moschus berezovskii)维持社会等级的冲突行为模式

生态学杂志

圈养雄性林麝(Moschus berezovskii)维持社会等级的冲突行为模式

赵玉娇¹,蔡永华²,程建国²,付文龙²,韩红金¹,乔佳伦¹,孟秀祥^1,3*

（¹中国人民大学环境学院，北京 100872；²四川养麝研究所，四川都江堰 611830；³山西农业大学动物科技学院，山西太谷 030801）

出版日期:2018-10-10 发布日期:2018-10-10

The aggressive behavioral patterns maintaining social rank in captive male forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii).

ZHAO Yu-jiao¹, CAI Yong-hua², CHENG Jian-guo², FU Wen-long², HAN Hong-jin¹, QIAO Jia-lun¹, MENG Xiu-xiang^1,3*

(¹School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; ²Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China; ³College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China).

Online:2018-10-10 Published:2018-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解圈养雄性林麝维持社会等级的冲突行为模式，于2016年6月1日至7月28日在四川马尔康林麝繁育中心，采用行为取样法对14只圈养雄麝进行了防御、追击、取代、进攻及威胁等社会冲突行为取样，分析了圈养雄性林麝社会等级与其发出（接受）的冲突行为类型和表达强度之间的关系。结果表明：林麝雄性圈养群发育了稳定的社会等级结构，作为冲突行为发起者，雄麝均有防御行为和侵犯行为（追击、取代、进攻和威胁）的表达，其防御行为的表达频次（7.71±2.18，n=14）显著高于追击(1.29±0.50，n=14）（P<0.05）、取代（1.36±0.57，n=14）（P<0.05）、进攻（0.21±0.15，n=14）（P<0.05）和威胁（1.29±0.77，n=14）(P<0.05）4种侵犯行为的表达频次；防御行为表达频次与其社会等级呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；不同序位雄性发出的侵犯行为类型不同，高序位雄麝的高强度侵犯行为（追击和进攻）和低强度侵犯行为（取代和威胁）均有表达，低序位雄麝缺失高强度侵犯行为，仅表达取代行为；作为冲突行为的接受者，雄麝接受的取代行为频次（1.43±0.53，n=14）显著高于进攻（0.29±0.12，n=14）（P<0.05）和威胁（0.36±0.16，n=14）（P<0.05）；中等序位雄麝接受侵犯行为的频次（5.50±1.50，n=2）有高于低序位雄麝（4.60±2.088，n=5）和高序位雄麝(1.14±0.55，n=7）的趋势（P>0.05）。由此得出，圈养林麝社群主要通过展现较低强度的侵犯行为维持其社会等级结构，冲突行为的发起者多是序位较高的雄麝，其高强度侵犯行为的表达频次也相对较多。

关键词: 生态特征, 环境因子, 恢复模式, 苔草草丘, 太阳岛湿地

Abstract: To understand the aggression pattern maintaining social rank in captive male forest musk deer, we observed conflicting behaviors (i.e. defending, chasing, displacing, attacking, and threatening) among 14 captive males by behavioral sampling from June 1 to July 28 in 2016, at the Maerkang Musk Deer Breed Center, Sichuan Province of China. The relationships between their social rank and initiating or received conflicting behaviors and expression intensities were analyzed. We found that they had stable social hierarchical structure. The following behaviors were considered “aggressive”: chasing, displacing, attacking, and threatening. As the initiators of conflict behaviors, males performed both defending and aggressive behaviors. The frequencies of defending (7.71±2.18, n=14) were significantly higher than those of aggressive behaviors: chasing (1.29±0.50, n=14) (P<0.05), displacing (1.36±0.57, n=14) (P<0.05), attacking (0.21±0.15,n=14) (P<0.05) and threatening (1.29±0.77, n=14) (P<0.05). There was a significantly negative relationship between frequencies of defending behaviors and social ranks (P<0.05). Aggressive behavior types that males of different ranks initiated were different. Males with high-rank expressed both high-intensity (chasing and attacking) and low-intensity (displacing and threatening) aggressive behaviors. Low-ranked males did not express highintensity aggressive behaviors, but only exhibited displacing behaviors. As the receivers of conflict behaviors, the frequencies of displacing (1.43±0.532,n=14) that male received were significantly higher than those of attacking (0.29±0.12, n=14) (P<0.05) and threatening (0.36±0.16, n=14, P<0.05). Although the frequencies of aggressive behaviors of mediumranked males(5.50±1.50,n=2) were higher than those of low-ranked (4.60±2.08, n=5) and high-ranked individuals (1.14±0.55, n=7), the difference was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). In conclusion, male forest musk deer mainly showed low-intensity aggressive behaviors to maintain social rank. The initiators of conflict behaviors were the individuals that occupied higher rank and expressed more high-intensity aggressive behaviors.

Key words: ecological characteristics, environmental factor, restoration method, Carex tussock, Sun Island wetland

赵玉娇,蔡永华,程建国,付文龙,韩红金,乔佳伦,孟秀祥. 圈养雄性林麝(Moschus berezovskii)维持社会等级的冲突行为模式[J]. 生态学杂志.

ZHAO Yu-jiao, CAI Yong-hua, CHENG Jian-guo, FU Wen-long, HAN Hong-jin, QIAO Jia-lun, MENG Xiu-xiang. The aggressive behavioral patterns maintaining social rank in captive male forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii).[J]. cje.

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