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基于双壳贝类指示的海洋微塑料污染监测与毒理学研究进展

杜静1,于明曦2,宋广军1,王昆1,吴景1,邵泽伟1,宋伦1*   

  1. (1Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China; 2College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110018, China).
  • 出版日期:2018-07-10 发布日期:2018-07-10

Research advances on monitoring and toxicology of microplastic pollution in marine as indicated by bivalves.

(1辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院, 辽宁大连 116023;2沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院, 沈阳 110018)   

  • Online:2018-07-10 Published:2018-07-10

摘要: 微塑料(尺寸<5 mm的塑料)是海洋环境中一种新型污染物,可被海洋生物误食并对其产生毒性效应。随着海洋微塑料污染化学与生态毒理学研究的深入,利用指示生物开展海洋微塑料污染监测及毒理学研究逐渐成为热点。海洋双壳贝类可通过滤食方式摄食环境中的微塑料,是海洋微塑料污染监测与毒理学研究理想的指示物种。本文综述了海洋双壳贝类体内微塑料的分析方法、不同海域双壳贝类体内微塑料的累积分布以及受控实验条件下微塑料对双壳贝类的生态毒理效应3个方面的研究进展。未来研究方向将主要包括:建立以双壳贝类为指示的海洋微塑料污染生物监测标准方法以及研究环境浓度微塑料对海洋双壳贝类的亚慢性毒性效应等。

关键词: 典型草原, 干旱, 植物基因组大小, 氮沉降

Abstract: As a new pollutant in marine, microplastic (plastic with the size less than 5 mm) can be ingested by marine biota with significant health effects. Along with more focus on the contamination chemistry and ecological toxicology of microplastic in marine, pollution monitoring and toxicological research based on the biological indicators have recently become a hot topic. Bivalves can serve as indicators of microplastic pollution in microplastic toxicological research because they have extensive filter-feeding activities and can expose directly to microplastic in marine. Here, we critically reviewed the methods of identifying microplastic in bivalves, the accumulation of microplastic ingested by bivalves of different areas, and their ecotoxicological effects on bivalves in laboratory experiments. In addition, we proposed future research directions, including the standardization of bio-monitoring protocols on microplastic pollution by bivalves as indicators and the research on subchronic toxicological effects of microplastic on bivalves under the realistic environmental concentrations.

Key words: plant genome size, nitrogen deposition, drought, typical grassland