吡虫啉对西花蓟马和花蓟马种间竞争及后代发育的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究采用浸渍饲喂法测得吡虫啉对西花蓟马（Frankliniella occidentalis）和花蓟马（Frankliniella intonsa）的LC₅₀浓度，并选取花蓟马2龄若虫的LC₅₀浓度11.00 mg·L^-1作为本试验用浓度，在此浓度胁迫下将2种蓟马以1∶1的种群数量比例用菜豆在同一养虫笼中饲养，进行室内种间竞争试验，测定2种蓟马的生长发育和繁殖力等参数。结果表明：在吡虫啉胁迫下，从25～150 d内西花蓟马与花蓟马种群数量比值不断升高，2种蓟马种内雌性种群数量所占比例均高于雄性种群，且西花蓟马种群中雌性种群所占比例（斜率为6.22）高于花蓟马种群中雌性种群所占比例（斜率为2.68）（P＜0.05）；两种蓟马的未成熟虫期各虫态的发育历期在吡虫啉胁迫下均显著缩短，且西花蓟马的发育历期缩短更为明显（P＜0.05）；在吡虫啉胁迫下西花蓟马种群的存活率、雌雄成虫寿命稍高于花蓟马种群但差异不显著（P＞0.05），西花蓟马的净生殖率（R₀）、内禀增长率（r_m）、周限增长率（λ）的值均要高于花蓟马的值；2种蓟马种群内雌雄成虫寿命、平均世代周期（T）和种群加倍时间（DT）与对照相比均显著缩短（P＜0.05）；吡虫啉处理下西花蓟马的平均产卵量、R₀、r_m、λ值均显著高于对照（P＜0.05），而花蓟马的平均产卵量、R₀、T和DT却显著低于对照。研究表明，在吡虫啉浓度11.00 mg·L^-1胁迫下，西花蓟马种群的竞争能力和对吡虫啉胁迫的适应性强于花蓟马种群，蓟马种群内雌性种群的竞争力强于雄性种群，吡虫啉胁迫是加速西花蓟马对花蓟马种群种间取代的重要因子。

关键词: 光合作用, 水分利用, 西北黄土高原半干旱区, 春小麦, 全膜覆土穴播

Abstract: In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of imidacloprid on interspecific competition between thripsFrankliniella occidentalis andF. intonsa by recording the developmental and fecundity parameters of both species in a competition experiment under laboratory conditions. The LC₅₀ concentrations of imidacloprid in both species were measured by dipping feeding method. Both species were reared on beans in the same cage with a starting ratio of 1∶1 under pesticide stress at the predetermined LC₅₀ concentration on 2nd instar larvae ofF. intonsa. The results showed that there was a consistently higher proportion of females in both species from 25 d to 150 d, with the female excess being higher inF. occidentalisthan in that inF. intonsa underimidacloprid stress (P<0.05). The developmental duration of the immature stages in both species were significantly shorter than in the control, and F. occidentalis developed consistently faster thanF. intonsa(P<0.05). The population survival rate and the longevity of male and femaleadults ofF. occidentalis were slightly higher than that ofF. intonsa, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The net reproductive rate (R₀), the intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) and the growth rate (λ) ofF. occidentaliswere significantly higher than that ofF. intonsa. Thelongevity of both male and female adults, the mean length of generation (T) and populationdoubling time (DT) of both species in the pesticide treatments were significantly shorter (P<0.05) than that in control. Average fecundity, R₀,r_m and λ inF. occidentalis were significantly higher than that in control (P<0.05), while average fecundity, R₀,T and DTof F. intonsa were significantly lower. Overall,F. occidentalis was more adaptable thanF. intonsato imidacloprid stress, with females being more adaptable than males for both species. Imidacloprid stress is one of the key reasons for the accelerated replacement ofF. intonsaby F. occidentalis populations.

Key words: water utilization, northwest Loess Plateau semi-arid area, whole field soil-plastic mulching, spring wheat, photosynthesis

胡昌雄,李宜儒,李正跃,陈国华,张宏瑞,桂富荣,张晓明. 吡虫啉对西花蓟马和花蓟马种间竞争及后代发育的影响[J]. 生态学杂志.

HU Chang-xiong, LI Yi-ru, LI Zheng-yue, CHEN Guo-hua, ZHANG Hong-rui, GUI Fu-rong, ZHANG Xiao-ming. Effects of imidacloprid on interspecific competition betweenFrankliniella occidentalis andF. intonsa and their progeny development.[J]. cje.

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吡虫啉对西花蓟马和花蓟马种间竞争及后代发育的影响

Effects of imidacloprid on interspecific competition betweenFrankliniella occidentalis andF. intonsa and their progeny development.

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