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贵阳市大气颗粒物(PM2.5)汞浓度分布特征及影响因素

梁隆超1,2,仇广乐2,陈卓1,3**   

  1. (1贵州师范大学化学与材料科学学院, 贵阳 550001; 2中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳 550002; 3贵阳市大气细粒子和大气污染化学重点实验室, 贵阳 550001)
  • 出版日期:2015-02-07 发布日期:2015-02-07

Pollution characteristics and affecting factors of mercury in particulates PM2.5 in Guiyang City.

LIANG Long-chao1,2, QIU Guang-le2, CHEN Zhuo1,3**   

  1. (1School of Chemistry and Material Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China;  2State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China; 3 Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Fine Particles and Air Pollution Chemistry of Guiyang 550001, China)
  • Online:2015-02-07 Published:2015-02-07

摘要: 2013年6月—2014年5月在贵阳市以每24 h为一个混合样连续采集了357个大气PM2.5样品,采用Lumex测汞仪(RA-915塞曼效应汞分析仪和配套PYRO-915热解装置),分析了颗粒物PM2.5汞浓度,并结合HOBO U30气象仪同步记录气象数据分析汞的浓度变化。结果表明,贵阳市全年大气颗粒物PM2.5汞日浓度在11~2560 pg·m-3,平均值为104±85 pg·m-3,其中12、1月份颗粒态汞浓度较高,7月份最低,全年有164 d超过全球背景值。以季节划分来看,全年季节平均值为107±60 pg·m-3,存在季节性差异,表现为:夏季<秋季<春季<冬季,明显受风向、风速和降雨等气象参数影响,春、秋、冬季节以东北风为主风向,存在明显污染源,同时冬季降雨量小,污染物聚集,导致冬季污染最高,夏季以南风为主风向,风速大,降雨量大,因此汞浓度夏季最低。结合气象因素初步分析得出,颗粒态汞主要来源于燃煤与工业排放,与国内现有报道数据相比较,处于轻度污染水平。

关键词: 青檀, 分离频率, 相似性系数, 多样性指数

Abstract: A total of 367 twentyfour hour composited particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were continuously collected in Guiyang City from June 2013 to May 2014. Meteorological data were simultaneously recorded by HOBO U30. Mercury (Hg) concentrations in PM2.5 samples were measured by using Lumex with a Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometer (ZAAS). Results showed that the daily concentrations of Hg in PM2.5 ranged from 11 to 2560 pg·m-3 with an average of 104±85 pg·m-3. The highest concentrations of Hg in PM2.5 were found in December and January and the lowest in July. An obvious seasonal variation was observed as: summer < autumn < spring < winter. The anthropogenic sources from northeastern wind as well as the scarcity of precipitations resulted in high levels of Hg in PM2.5 in winter. Compared with the investigated results in China’s other cities, the present study shows a lower level of particulate Hg pollution in Guiyang.

Key words: similarity coefficient, isolation frequency, diversity index, Pteroceltis tatarinowii