黔南铅锌尾矿库先锋植物分布及其重金属累积特性

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202408.032

生态学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 2455-2464.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202408.032

黔南铅锌尾矿库先锋植物分布及其重金属累积特性

欧阳及第¹,韩志伟^1,2*,吴攀^1,2,卢江³

（¹贵州大学资源与环境工程学院，贵阳 550025； ²贵州大学喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室，贵阳 550025； ³贵州铝厂有限责任公司，贵阳 550014）

出版日期:2024-08-10 发布日期:2024-08-16

Distribution and heavy metal accumulation of pioneer plants in lead-zinc tailings ponds in southern Guizhou.

OUYANG Jidi¹, HAN Zhiwei^1,2*, WU Pan^1,2, LU Jiang³

(¹College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; ²Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; ³Guizhou Aluminum Factory Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550014, China).

Online:2024-08-10 Published:2024-08-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 矿区尾矿库的生态恢复对重金属污染源头控制及生物多样性改善具有重要意义。为筛选可用于喀斯特地区铅锌尾矿库生态修复的先锋植物，选取了黔南牛角塘铅锌尾矿库集中区内2个新、老尾矿库为研究区，通过测度植物多样性指数及分布特征，综合评估出7种先锋植物并分析其对尾砂中典型重金属Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu、As和Sb的生物富集系数（BCF）和转运系数（TF），探究先锋植物对重金属的累积特性及生态修复潜力。结果表明：研究区尾砂均呈现为碱性，Cd和Zn超出贵州省土壤背景值和当地土壤重金属含量背景值数倍，且Cd和Zn生物有效态含量最高；该区分布了齿叶冬青（Ilex crenata）、野古草（Arundinella hirta）、蜈蚣草（Eremochloa ciliaris）、白茅（Imperata cylindrica）、斑茅（Saccharum arundinaceum）、木贼（Equisetum hyemale）、五节芒（Miscanthus floridulus）、鬼针草（Bidens pilosa）8种植物，分属8属4科，以禾本科植物为主；筛选出7种先锋植物（除齿叶冬青外）均为草本植物且其体内Zn、Cd、Cu和As含量总体均超出植物体内正常重金属含量，其中蜈蚣草、白茅和木贼对Cu的BCF和TF大于1，五节芒和鬼针草对As的BCF和TF大于1，斑茅对Cu、As的BCF和TF均大于1，分属Cu、As的富集型植物；野古草对Cu的BCF大于1，TF小于1，属根部囤积型植物。研究区先锋植物对Cu、As等表现出较强的重金属耐性和累积能力，具备一定的生态修复潜力。

关键词: 铅锌尾矿库, 先锋植物, 多样性指数, 生物富集系数, 转运系数

Abstract: Ecological restoration of tailings ponds is crucial for improving biodiversity and reducing pollution from heavy metal sources in mining regions. To screen the pioneer plant species that can be used for ecological restoration of lead-zinc tailings in karst areas, we measured the diversity index and distribution characteristics of plant species in a new tailings pond and an old tailings pond in the centralized area of Niujiaotang lead-zinc tailings pond in southern Guizhou were selected as the study area. Seven pioneer plant species were evaluated and screened, and their bioconcentration factors (BCF) and translocation factors (TF) of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, As, and Sb in tailings were analyzed to explore their accumulation characteristics and ecological restoration potential. The results showed that the tailings in the study area were alkaline. Cd and Zn contents exceeded soil background values of Guizhou Province and local soil heavy metal contents by several times, and the contents of bioavailable Cd and Zn were the highest. A total of eight plant species belonging to eight genera and four families (Ilex crenata, Arundinella hirta, Eremochloa ciliaris, Imperata cylindrica, Saccharum arundinaceum, Equisetum hyemale, Miscanthus floridulus, and Bidens pilosa) were distributed in the study area, which were mainly from Gramineae. Seven pioneer species screened (except I. crenata) were herbs and the contents of Zn, Cd, Cu, and As exceeded the normal levels in plants. The BCF and TF of E. ciliaris, I. cylindrica, and E. hyemale were greater than one for Cu, the BCF and TF of M. floridulus and B. pilosa were greater than one for As. Similarly, the BCF and TF of S. arundinaceum were greater than one for Cu and As. The abovementioned species are Cu and As accumulator, respectively. The BCF of A. hirta was greater than one for Cu, but the TF was less than one, indicating it is a root hoarding plant. In conclusion, seven pioneer plant species in the study area showed strong tolerance and accumulation ability to Cu, As, and other heavy metals, and had certain potential to be used in ecological restoration.

Key words: lead-zinc tailings pond, pioneer plant, diversity index, bioconcentration factor, translocation factor

欧阳及第, 韩志伟, 吴攀, 卢江. 黔南铅锌尾矿库先锋植物分布及其重金属累积特性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(8): 2455-2464.

OUYANG Jidi, HAN Zhiwei, WU Pan, LU Jiang. Distribution and heavy metal accumulation of pioneer plants in lead-zinc tailings ponds in southern Guizhou.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2024, 43(8): 2455-2464.

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黔南铅锌尾矿库先锋植物分布及其重金属累积特性

Distribution and heavy metal accumulation of pioneer plants in lead-zinc tailings ponds in southern Guizhou.

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