草原区露天煤矿开采对土壤性质和植物群落的影响

生态学杂志

草原区露天煤矿开采对土壤性质和植物群落的影响

韩煜^1,2,王琦^1,2,赵伟³,史娜娜^1,2,肖能文^1,2,张周爱^4,5,全占军^1,2*

(¹中国环境科学研究院，北京 100012；²国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室，北京 100012；³北京磁浮交通发展有限公司，北京 100124；⁴神华宝日希勒能源有限公司，内蒙古呼伦贝尔 021000；⁵煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室，北京 100011)

出版日期:2019-11-10 发布日期:2019-11-10

Effects of opencast coal mining on soil properties and plant communities of grassland.

HAN Yu^1,2, WANG Qi^1,2, ZHAO Wei³, SHI Na-na^1,2, XIAO Neng-wen^1,2, ZHANG Zhou-ai^4,5, QUAN Zhan-jun^1,2*

(¹Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; ²State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecoprocess and Function Assessment, Beijing 100012, China; ³Beijing Maglev Transportation Development Co., Ltd, Beijing 100124, China; ⁴Shenhua Baori Hiller Energy Co., Ltd, Hulunbeier 021000, Inner Mongolia, China; ⁵State Key Laboratory of Groundwater Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, Beijing 100011, China).

Online:2019-11-10 Published:2019-11-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对胜利煤田3个露天矿植物群落特征和土壤理化性质的调查，分析了露天矿区土壤性质、物种组成和群落多样性的变化，同时采用冗余分析和聚类分析研究土壤因子与群落特征的关系，利用灰色关联法对研究区土壤肥力质量进行评价。结果表明：①露天煤矿开采对土壤含水量的影响较复杂，西二矿和东二矿土壤含水量分别下降了1.9%和14.0%，西三矿增加了63.6%。与对照区相比，露天矿区土壤养分发生损失，全钾和碱解氮含量分别显著降低了6.3%和47.2%；②露天矿区物种数量比对照区减少了26.3%～57.9%，建群种重要值下降，丰富度指数和多样性指数显著降低，草原干旱化、退化趋势明显；③土壤因子与群落多样性指数具有较高的相关性，全钾和速效钾是影响群落结构的关键因子；④远离露天采场的土壤肥力要好于采场附近，露天煤矿开采对一定范围内的土壤肥力产生影响。

关键词: 增产潜力, 气候情景, 玉米, 气候生产力变化, 影响因素

Abstract: Soil properties, species composition, and plant community structure were examined in three different opencast mines of Shengli Coal Mining area. Redundancy analysis and cluster analysis were used to examine the relationship between soil properties and plant communities. The soil fertility of the research area was evaluated using gray correlation analysis. The results showed that: (1) The impact of opencast coal mining on soil water content was complicated. Soil water content of the west second mine and the east second mine decreased by 1.9% and 14.0% respectively, but the west third mine increased by 63.6%. Soil nutrients in the opencast area were lost compared with the control area, and the total potassium and available nitrogen contents were significantly reduced by 6.3% and 47.2%, respectively. (2) Species richness in the opencast mining area was declined by 26.3%-57.9% and the importance value of the dominant species decreased. The richness index and diversity index of plant community were significantly declined, and the grassland turned into aridification and degradation. (3) There was high correlation between soil properties and species diversity indices. The concentrations of total potassium and available potassium were the key factors determining plant community structure. (4) Soil fertility far from the opencast mining sites was better than that near the sites. Therefore, the influence of opencast coal mining on soil fertility was within a certain range around the mining sites.

Key words: climate scenarios, yield improving potential., climate productivity change, influencing factors, maize

韩煜,王琦,赵伟,史娜娜,肖能文,张周爱,全占军. 草原区露天煤矿开采对土壤性质和植物群落的影响[J]. 生态学杂志.

HAN Yu, WANG Qi, ZHAO Wei, SHI Na-na, XIAO Neng-wen, ZHANG Zhou-ai, QUAN Zhan-jun. Effects of opencast coal mining on soil properties and plant communities of grassland.[J]. cje.

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