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生态学杂志 ›› 2004, Vol. ›› Issue (4): 131-134.

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

亚洲象与竹/蕉分布隔离的生态效果及其保护对策探讨

许再富   

  1. 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 勐腊, 666303
  • 收稿日期:2003-05-13 修回日期:2003-08-19 出版日期:2004-08-10
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院“九五”重大项目(KZ951-A1-104);中国科学院/云南省重大资助项目(2000YK07)

Approach on ecological effects of Asian elephants isolated from the distribution of bamboo-wild banana and its conservation strategy

XU Zaifu   

  1. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
  • Received:2003-05-13 Revised:2003-08-19 Online:2004-08-10

摘要: 把分布在滇南的西双版纳自然保护区内的亚洲象频繁出走,毁坏农作物、伤害人畜的原因与自然保护区片断化以及它们与其重要采食植物黄竹、野芭蕉等分布的隔离联系起来探讨,由此提出了对亚洲象保护的一些措施。由于亚洲象在西双版纳几乎没有天敌,而且也得到较好的保护,其群居自1976年以来,由101头发展至约250头,自然保护区片断化和食物匮缺成为亚洲象走出自然保护区的重要原因。相反,在没有亚洲象控制的地区,黄竹和野芭蕉等以其高效的繁殖能力以及耐火烧的特性而在一些刀耕火种的弃荒地和退化生态系统迅速发展,成为以它们各自为优势的群落(丛),大幅度地降低了群落的物种多样性.

关键词: 秦岭, 锐齿栎, 聚类分析, 主成分分析

Abstract: The Asian elephants in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan have frequently walked out the nature reserves to massively destroy crops and seriously injure human and cattle in recent years.This may result from the nature reserves fragmentation and isolation of the distribution of bamboo and wild banana,which are the main resource of foodstuff.For Asian elephants,having no natural enemies and being well protected,the population has rapidly developed from 101 to about 250 since 1976.Nature reserves fragmentation and lack of foodstuff supply forced the Asian elephants to walk out of the nature reserves.By comparison,in the areas which are uncontrolled by elephants,with strong breeding capacity and fire tolerance,bamboo and wild banana have developed quickly and became dominant species in abandoned shifting cultivating lands and degraded ecosystems,causing great decrease of species diversity.The conservation strategy for Asian elephants has been discussed as well.

Key words: Qinling Mountains, Sharp tooth oak, Clustering analysis, PCA

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