秦岭细鳞鲑野生种群与人工养殖种群肌肉营养成分的差异

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202212.021

生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 140-145.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202212.021

秦岭细鳞鲑野生种群与人工养殖种群肌肉营养成分的差异

李平^1,2,3,齐喜荣⁴,夏继刚⁵,曹谡杰⁴,沈红保⁴,刘其根^1,2,3*

（¹农业农村部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心，上海海洋大学，上海 201306； ²水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心，上海海洋大学，上海 201306； ³农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室，上海海洋大学，上海 201306； ⁴陕西省水产研究与技术推广总站，西安 710086； ⁵进化生理与行为学实验室，重庆市动物生物学重点实验室，重庆师范大学生命科学学院，重庆 401331）

出版日期:2023-01-10 发布日期:2023-02-01

Differences in muscle nutrients between wild and cultured populations of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis.

LI Ping^1,2,3, QI Xi-rong⁴, XIA Ji-gang⁵, CAO Su-jie⁴, SHEN Hong-bao⁴, LIU Qi-gen^1,2,3*

(¹Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; ²National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; ³Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China; ⁴Fisheries Research & Technology Extension Center of Shaanxi, Yellow River Fisheries Research Institute, Xi’an 710086, China; ⁵Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China).

Online:2023-01-10 Published:2023-02-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 秦岭细鳞鲑（野生种群）是国家Ⅱ级重点保护水生野生动物。为了揭示野生种群与人工养殖种群的性状差异，科学区分秦岭细鳞鲑野生种群与人工养殖种群，本实验探究了秦岭细鳞鲑野生种群和人工养殖种群肌肉营养成分的差异。结果表明：野生种群和人工养殖种群的肌肉一般营养成分占比、脂肪酸组成及含量、矿物质和微量元素含量等均存在显著差异，而氨基酸组成及含量总体上无显著差异；野生种群肌肉中水分、粗蛋白和粗灰分含量显著高于人工养殖种群（P<0.05），粗脂肪含量显著低于人工养殖种种群（P<0.05）；C_12:0仅在野生种群中被检测到，野生种群饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于人工养殖种群（P<0.05），K、Na、Ca、Mg、P、Zn含量显著高于人工养殖种群（P<0.05）。综上，肌肉脂肪酸组成及含量、矿物质和微量元素含量差异较大，可作为野生种群与人工养殖种群鉴定的依据，为秦岭细鳞鲑的保护与管理提供参考。

关键词: 秦岭细鳞鲑, 野生种群, 人工养殖种群, 营养成分, 氨基酸, 脂肪酸

Abstract: Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis (wild population) is one of the national class Ⅱ protected aquatic wild animals. To understand the differences of traits between wild and cultured populations and distinguish wild population from the cultured population, we investigated the differences in muscle nutritive components between wild and cultured populations. The results showed that there were significant differences in muscle general nutrient composition, fatty acid composition and content, mineral and micronutrient contents between both populations, but no difference in the composition and content of amino acids. Water, crude protein, and crude ash contents in the muscle of the wild population were significantly higher than those of the cultured population (P<0.05), while crude fat content in the cultured population was significantly higher than that in the wild population (P<0.05). C12:0 was detected only in the wild population. The contents of saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly lower in the wild population than in the cultured populations (P<0.05). The contents of K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, and Zn were significantly higher in the wild population than in the cultured population (P<0.05). In conclusion, the composition and content of fatty acids, minerals, and micronutrients in muscle were significantly different between the wild and cultured populations, which could be used as a basis for identification of wild and cultured populations, and provide a reference for the conservation and management of B. lenok tsinlingensis.

Key words: Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis, wild population, cultured population, nutritional component, amino acid, fatty acid.

李平, 齐喜荣, 夏继刚, 曹谡杰, 沈红保, 刘其根. 秦岭细鳞鲑野生种群与人工养殖种群肌肉营养成分的差异[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(1): 140-145.

LI Ping, QI Xi-rong, XIA Ji-gang, CAO Su-jie, SHEN Hong-bao, LIU Qi-gen. Differences in muscle nutrients between wild and cultured populations of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(1): 140-145.

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秦岭细鳞鲑野生种群与人工养殖种群肌肉营养成分的差异

Differences in muscle nutrients between wild and cultured populations of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis.

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