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间作条件下施氮量对马铃薯光合特性的调控作用

朱启林1,向蕊1,汤利1,2,龙光强1,2*   

  1. 1云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 昆明 650201;2农业部云南耕地保育科学观测实验站, 昆明 650201)
  • 出版日期:2018-05-10 发布日期:2018-05-10

The effects of nitrogen application rate on photosynthetic characteristics of potato under intercropping.

ZHU Qi-lin1, XIANG Rui1, TANG Li1,2, LONG Guang-qiang1,2*   

  1. (1College of Resource and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; 2Yunnan Scientific Observation Station for Cultivated Land Conservation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650201, China).
  • Online:2018-05-10 Published:2018-05-10

摘要: 遮阴和氮供应的协同作用是建立玉米/马铃薯高效间作体系的基础。本研究采用单作和间作两种种植模式,每种种植模式设置4个氮水平(N0,0 kg·hm-2;N1,62.5 kg·hm-2;N2,125 kg·hm-2;N3,187.5 kg·hm-2)的田间小区试验,探究不同氮投入量对玉米/马铃薯间作体系中马铃薯光合生理和产量的影响。结果表明:随着施氮量增加,间作产量优势逐渐降低,与单作马铃薯相比,间作马铃薯产量减幅2.66%~43.71%;间作中靠近玉米侧(I-M)和靠近马铃薯侧(I-P)的马铃薯Pn差异显著,I-P>I-M;相比于等氮时的单作,间作净光合速率(Pn)降低8.41%~31.09%,光补偿点降低62.23%,暗呼吸速率降低60.90%;过量的氮肥施用和与玉米间作均导致马铃薯Pn、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的降低,且间作后的减幅随施氮量增加而增大;合理控制施氮量有利于维持间作马铃薯较高的光合水平,降低与玉米间作后的马铃薯减产幅度,本研究中N1处理可维持较低减产幅度。

关键词: 木质部, 阔叶红松林, 非结构性碳水化合物, 韧皮部, 碳分配, 长白山

Abstract: Synergistic effects of shading and nitrogen (N) supply are the basis for establishing an efficient intercropping system of maize and potato. In this study, field experiments with monoculture and intercropping under four different N application levels (N0, 0 kg·hm-2; N1, 62.5 kg·hm-2; N2, 125 kg·hm-2; N3, 187.5 kg·hm-2) were conducted to assess the effects of N supply on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of potato. The results showed that yield advantage of intercropping decreased with the increase of N application levels. Compared with that of monoculture, the potato yield of intercropping system was decreased by 2.66%-43.71%. There was a significant difference in Pn between the potato close to the maize side (I-M) and that close to itself side (I-P), with the value of Pn being greater in I-P than in I-M. In comparison to that under monoculture, the Pn of potato under intercropping system was decreased by 8.41%-31.09%, light compensation point decreased by 62.23%  and dark respiration rate decreased by 60.90% at the same N level. Excessive N application and intercropping with maize reduced photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of potato, with the magnitude of decreases being enlarged with the increase of N application levels. Proper control of N application level, as N1 in this study, would be beneficial to maintaining high photosynthetic rate and alleviating the yield reduction of potato after intercropping with maize.

Key words: phloem, carbon allocation, non-structural carbohydrates, xylem, broadleaved Korean pine forest, Changbai Mountain.