种子植物对中波紫外辐射胁迫的响应研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 臭氧层的破坏导致到达地表的中波紫外辐射(UV-B)增加.增强的UV-B对植物产生不同程度的胁迫作用.综合论述了近些年来有关种子植物对UV-B胁迫响应的研究进展.对UV-B敏感的种子植物经UV-B处理,外部形态表现为植物变矮、叶面积减小、茎缩短等;内部结构表现为叶绿体结构失去完整性、叶肉面积减小等.种子植物受UV-B影响的主要部位包括光合器官、遗传物质、蛋白质等.为了减轻UV-B的伤害,种子植物形成了一系列的保护机制,包括表皮结构对UV-B的散射、反射,叶片厚度的增加、UV-B吸收物质的积累、受损DNA的修复、自由基的去除.此外,UV-B与干旱、增强CO₂具有互作效应.增强的UV-B对木本植物、生态系统等方面的影响研究应加以重视.

关键词: 水稻, 基因型, 干物质积累, 群体生长速率CGR, 叶面积指数(LAI), 粒叶比

Abstract: Depletion of ozone leads to the increase of Ultraviolet-B radiation on the surface of the Earth.Enhanced UV-B would affect the growth of plants at different extent.This review summarized the research advances in response of seed plants to enhanced Ultraviolet-B radiation in recent years.According to previous studies,higher plants sensitive to UV-B decreased in plant height,leaf area and stem length,with the integrity of chloroplast structure damaged.Photosynthetic organs,genetic material,and proteins etc.are the main targets of UV-B.In order to alleviate the harmful effects of UV-B,plants developed a range of protective mechanisms,including the dispersion and reflectance of UV-B by epicuticular structure and leaf thickening,accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds,reparation of DNA damage and elimination of active radicals.In addition,UV-B significantly interacted with drought and elevated CO₂.Research on response of woody plant and ecosystem to enhanced UV-B radiation should be emphasized in the future.

Key words: Rice, Genotype, Dry matter accumulation, Crop growth rate (CGR), Leaf area index (LAI), Spikelet/ leaf area ratio

中图分类号:

Q948

任健, 李春阳. 种子植物对中波紫外辐射胁迫的响应研究进展[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, (3): 315-320.

REN Jian, LI Chunyang . Research advances in response of seed plants to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation[J]. cje, 2005, (3): 315-320.

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