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生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 1347-1355.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202105.003

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

化肥减施配施不同有机肥对甜糯玉米产量和品质的影响

方成1,2,代子雯1,李伟明3,王东升3,焦加国1,陈小云1,徐莉1,2*   

  1. (1南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210095;2江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095;3南京市蔬菜科学研究所, 南京 210042)
  • 出版日期:2021-05-10 发布日期:2021-05-10

Effects of reduced chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer application on the yield and grain quality of sweet-waxy corn.

FANG Cheng1,2, DAI Zi-wen1, LI Wei-ming3, WANG Dong-sheng3, JIAO Jia-guo1, CHEN Xiao-yun1, XU Li1,2*   

  1. (1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; 2Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China; 3Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing 210042, China).
  • Online:2021-05-10 Published:2021-05-10

摘要: 在鸡粪有机肥、猪粪源蚯蚓粪和餐厨垃圾源蚯蚓粪替代30%化肥配施的投入条件下,探索不同有机肥替代化肥对甜糯玉米生长、产量及品质的影响,为制定甜糯玉米种植的有机肥替代化肥策略提供依据。本研究以农科玉368作为供试作物,设置6个处理,包括不施肥处理(CK)、全量化肥处理(CF)、减施化肥处理(RF)、减施化肥配施鸡粪有机肥处理(RF+OF)、减施化肥配施猪粪源蚯蚓粪处理(RF+PF)、减施化肥配施餐厨垃圾源蚯蚓粪处理(RF+KF),于拔节期和抽雄期分别测定玉米植株长势及光合特性,收获期测定产量和玉米品质(包括籽粒重金属含量)。结果表明: 在玉米产量方面,有机肥替代各处理产量都接近CF处理,其中RF+KF和RF+PF处理最接近,RF处理的产量与CF处理无显著差异,但RF处理穗数显著降低,同时,植株株高、茎粗和叶绿素含量在不同处理下表现出一致的趋势:CF处理≥RF+KF处理>RF处理>RF+OF处理>RF+PF处理,相对于CF处理,RF+PF的光合速率显著降低,RF+KF的胞间CO2浓度显著增加;在玉米品质方面,施肥能显著提高玉米籽粒中维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量和淀粉含量。与CF处理相比,有机肥替代各处理都显著提高维生素C含量,在RF+KF处理下达到最高;RF+PF处理显著提高可溶性蛋白含量;RF+OF和RF+KF显著提高可溶性糖含量,增幅分别达到42.07%和69.01%;RF+KF显著提高淀粉含量。施肥处理显著提高玉米籽粒中Zn含量,而对Cd、Pb含量无显著影响,RF+OF处理重金属Zn、Cu、Cr累积最高。综上,农科玉368在RF+PF和RF+KF下能够达到全量化肥的产量,其中RF+KF处理在果实品质上表现更优,是可行的化肥减施替代措施。

关键词: 化肥减施, 甜糯玉米, 蚯蚓粪, 玉米产量, 玉米品质, 重金属

Abstract: We examined the effects of 30% reduction of chemical fertilizer replaced by adding different organic fertilizers (chicken manure organic fertilizer, vermicompost from pig manure, and vermicompost from kitchen waste) on the growth, yield and grain quality of sweet-waxy corn, aiming to choose proper strategy of using organic fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizer in sweet-waxy corn planting. Sweet-waxy corn Nongkeyu 368 was used as test crop. There were six treatments, including no fertilizer treatment (CK), fullquantity fertilizer application (CF), reduced fertilizer application (RF), reduced fertilizer combined with chicken manure organic fertilizer (RF+OF), reduced fertilizer combined with vermicompost from pig manure (RF+PF), andreduced fertilizer combined with vermicompost from kitchen waste (RF+KF). The growth and photosynthetic characteristics of corn were measured at the jointing stage and tasseling stage respectively, while the yield and quality (including heavy metal content) of the grain were measured during the harvest period. The corn yield under the treatments of RF+KF and RF+PF was similar to that under CF treatment. Compared with CF treatment, the number of spikes of RF treatment was significantly decreased while the yield was not significantly different. The plant height, stem diameter and leaf chlorophyll content followed the sequence of CF ≥RF+KF > RF > RF+OF > (RF+PF). Compared with CF treatment, photosynthetic rate was significantly lower under RF+PF treatment, and intercellular CO2 concentration of RF+KF was significantly higher. Fertilizer application significantly increased the contents of vitamin C, soluble protein, and starch in corn grains. Compared with CF treatment, reduced fertilization with application of organic fertilizer significantly increased vitamin C content, with the maximum under RF+KF treatment. The soluble protein content was significantly higher under RF+PF treatment. The soluble sugar contents were significantly higher under RF+OF and RF+KF treatments, with an enhancement of42.07% and 69.01%, respectively. The starch content was significantly higher under RF+KF treatment. Fertilization treatment significantly increased Zn content in the corn grains, but did not affect Cd and Pb contents. The maximum accumulation of Zn, Cu, and Cr was found under RF+OF treatment. In conclusion, corn yield under RF+PF and RF+KF treatments was similar to that under full-quantity fertilizer treatment. RF+KF treatment improved fruit quality, and thus is a feasible strategy for fertilizer reduction in corn production.

Key words: reduced fertilizer application, sweet-waxy corn, vermicompost, corn yield, corn quality, heavy metal.