群体结构对旱地小麦土壤耗水与物质生产形成的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202105.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验设置早播（9月20日，ES）、晚播（10月10日，LS）两个播期，低播量（67.5 kg·hm^-2，LD）、中播量（90 kg·hm^-2，MD）、高播量（112.5 kg·hm^-2，HD）3个播量，根据拔节期茎蘖数将小麦群体分成一类（>1200×10⁴ind·hm^-2，G1）、二类（900×10⁴～1200×10⁴ind·hm^-2，G2)和三类（<900×10⁴ ind·hm^-2，G3）3个水平，研究不同群体水平下麦田水分消耗、小麦干物质量积累与运转、产量及产量构成因素和水分利用效率的差异。结果表明：一类群体较二类和三类，花后土壤耗水量分别增加3～11和16～32 mm，成熟期干物质量分别增加664～1122和2072～2300 kg·hm^-2，且各生育阶段的干物质积累量最大，花前干物质转运量分别增加42～60、17～179 kg·hm^-2，提高花后植株干物质转运对籽粒的贡献，增加产量306～403、681～926 kg·hm^-2，增幅达7.45%～8.40%、18.97%～20.83%，水分利用效率提高7.93%～10.94%、14.69%～18.94%。此外，一类群体下的土壤耗水与成熟期干物质量和产量之间显著相关，尤其是花后土壤耗水。本试验条件下，旱地小麦早播低量（ES+LD）是形成一类群体的主要措施；当拔节期群体密度达一类水平时，花后土壤耗水量、生育期干物质积累量、花前干物质转运量、产量及水分利用效率显著提高。综上，在晋南地区旱地小麦9月20日配套播量67.5 kg·hm^-2形成的一类群体结构，可增加花后籽粒灌浆对土壤水分的吸收利用，促进干物质量的积累，有利于其转运及对籽粒的贡献，使旱地小麦增产的同时提高了水分利用效率。

关键词: 旱地小麦, 群体水平, 耗水量, 干物质量, 产量

Abstract: We carried out an experiment with two sowing dates \[early sowing (September 20, EB) and late sowing (October 10, LB)\] and three sowing rates \[low sowing rate (67.5 kg·hm^-2, LD), medium sowing rate (90 kg·hm^-2, MD) and high sowing rate (112.5 kg·hm^-2, HD). According to the number of tillers at the jointing stage of wheat, the populations were divided into three levels: class I (> 12 million plants·hm^-2, G1), class II (9-12 million plants·hm^-2, G2) and class Ш (< 9 million plants·hm^-2, G3). We examined water consumption, dry matter accumulation and transportation, yield and its components, and water use efficiency under different population levels. The results showed that compared with class II and Ш, soil water consumption under class I after anthesis was increased by 3-11 and 16-32 mm respectively, while the dry matter mass at maturity was increased by 664-1122 and 2072-2300 kg·hm^-2 respectively. Dry matter accumulation was the highest in each growth stage of class I, with the dry matter transport before flowering being increased by 42-60 and 17-179 kg·hm^-2 respectively. The contribution of dry matter allocation to grain after anthesis was increased by 306-403 and 681-926 kg·hm^-2, with a growth rate of 7.45%-8.40% and 18.97%-20.83%, respectively. Water use efficiency was increased by 7.93%-10.94% and 14.69%-18.94%, respectively. Under class I, soil water consumption (especially after anthesis) was significantly correlated with dry matter mass and yield at maturity. Early sowing with low sowing rate (EB+LD) was important for the formation of class I population. When population density reached class I at jointing stage, soil water consumption after anthesis, dry matter accumulation during growth period, dry matter transport before flowering, yield and water use efficiency were significantly increased. In conclusion, the class I population formed under a sowing rate of 67.5 kg·hm^-2 and sowing date on September 20 could increase the absorption and utilization of soil water by grain filling after anthesis as well as dry matter accumulation, which is conducive to its transport and contribution to grain and finally increased the yield and water use efficiency of dryland wheat in the southern Shanxi Province.

Key words: dryland wheat, population density, water consumption, dry matter, yield.

杨磊, 孙敏, 林文, 任爱霞, 丁鹏程, 余少波, 高志强. 群体结构对旱地小麦土壤耗水与物质生产形成的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(5): 1356-1365.

YANG Lei, SUN Min, LIN Wen, REN Ai-xia, DING Peng-cheng, YU Shao-bo, GAO Zhi-qiang. Effects of population structure on soil water consumption and dry matter production of dryland wheat.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2021, 40(5): 1356-1365.

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群体结构对旱地小麦土壤耗水与物质生产形成的影响

Effects of population structure on soil water consumption and dry matter production of dryland wheat.

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