Table of Content

10 January 2007, Volume 26 Issue 01

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Articles

Spatial distribution pattern of Populus euphratica fine roots in desert riparian forest

SI Jian-hua¹; FENG Qi¹; LI Jian-lin¹; ZHAO Jian²

2007, 26(01):  1-4 . 

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To study the spatial distribution pattern of plant fine root is the basis of constructing water uptake model of plant roots. The study on the spatial distribution pattern of Populus euphratica fine roots in desert riparian forest showed that horizontally, the distribution of P. euphratica root length density presented a parabola curve. The fine roots were concentrated within the range of 0-350 cm from the tree trunk, and their amount occupied 91.88% of the total within 0-500 cm. In vertical direction, the distribution of the fine rootlength density showed a negative exponent correlation with soil depth. The fine roots were concentrated in 0-80 cm soil layer, and their amount accounted for 96.8% of the total in 0-140 cm soil layer.

Seasonal variation of nitrogen and phosphorus contents of Phragmites communis in Taipa-Coloane wetland in Macao

LIN Xiao-tao¹;LIANG Hai-han¹;LEUNG Va^1,2;XU Zhong-neng¹

2007, 26(01):  5-8 . 

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To probe into the growth pattern of Phragmites communis and its functions in wetland ecosystem, six times of determinations were carried out on the nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) contents of P. communis in Taipa-Coloane wetland in Macao. The results showed that the N and P contents of P. communis aboveground part and underground stem reached the maximum in autumn and winter, and the minimum in spring and summer. The maximum N content in leaf, middle part of aboveground stem, and underground stem was 37.5, 14.1 and 10.2 g·kg^-1,and the minimum N content was 28.0, 11.5 and 6.6 g·kg^-1; while the maximum P content was 4.0, 2.0 and 0.9 g·kg^-1, and the minimum P content was 3.5, 1.6 and 0.8 g·kg^-1, respectively. No mater what the sampling seasons were, the N and P contents decreased in the sequence of leaf>aboveground stem>underground stem, and no N and P transfer was observed among different organs or parts of the plant.

Impact of oil shale waste slag on plant growth and benefits of limestone amendment

HUANG Juan;XIA Han-ping;KONG Guo-hui

2007, 26(01):  9-15 . 

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Because of the high acidity, low nutrients content, aluminum toxicity and potential heavy metals pollution, oil shale waste slag has negative effects on the normal growth of plants. A pot experiment with Tristania conferta, Schima wallichii, Vetiveria zizanioides and Paspalum notatum showed that after eight months growth on oil shale waste slag, the biomass of T. conferta, S. wallichii, P. notatum and V. zizanioides was decreased by 43.5%, 55.0%, 68.4% and 88.6%,respectively,compared with the control. The amendment of limestone increased the biomass of T. conferta by 3.1%, but that of S. wallichii, P. notatum and V. zizanioides was still decreased by 32.0%, 31.1% and 60.4%, respectively. There was a synergistic effect between acid stress and Al toxicity. Limestone amendment had better effects on mitigating the impact of oil shale waste slag, but the effects differed with different plant species.

Micro-environmental analysis of polyvinyl alcohol- and sodium alginate immobilized Microbacterium sp. S₂-4 granules

LI Hai-bo¹; YANG Rui-song²; LI Pei-jun^1,3; GONG Zong-qiang³; SUN Li-na¹; SUN Tie-heng¹

2007, 26(01):  16-20 . 

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With polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate as immobilizing carriers, and borate ammonium, ferrite chlorate and aluminum chlorate as cross-linking reagents,the spherical granules of immobilized Microbacterium sp. S₂-4 were prepared, and their microenvironmental changes in the process of COD－ removing from contaminated surface water were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that physical block, adsorption, and the expulsion by predominant microbial populations were the main factors shielding the positive effects of the granules. Some structural disfigurements of the immobilized granules were pointed out.

Resources research on thermophilic protease-producing bacteria in normal temperature environment

WANG Guo-hui

2007, 26(01):  21-24 . 

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The study with routine microbiological methods showed that there existed certain amounts of thermophilic bacteria and thermophilic protease-producing bacteria in normal temperature environments. Compared with water body, soil was relatively rich in thermophilic bacterial resources, and thermophilic protease-producing bacteria were richer in fertile than in unfertile soil. In water environment, whether in lake, river and treated waste water, there were definite amounts of thermophilic bacteria and thermophilic proteases-producing bacteria under normal temperature, and the proportion of thermophilic protease-producing bacteria to thermophilic bacteria in the aeration phase of beer wastewater reached 45%. A highly active thermophilic protease-producing strain was screened, with its protease activity reached 642 U·ml^-1 at pH 7.6 and 68 ℃. This study was of significance for the exploitation of thermophilic protease-producing bacterial resources, and their application in industry and in environmental protection.

Growth and carbon sequestration of winter wheat at its tillering stage in high yield farm ecosystem of North China

QU Bo;MENG Fan-qiao;QI Meng-wen;GUAN Gui-hong;KUANG Xing;CHEN Jing-sheng

2007, 26(01):  25-30 . 

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In a pot experiment with simulated high yield conditions of North China, winter wheat plant was pulse-labeled with ¹⁴C at tillering stage,and the ¹⁴C content in wheat shoot and root and in soil was measured at tillering, elongation, anthesis, and dough stages, aimed to study the mechanisms of soil carbon input through winter wheat growth. The results showed that the shoot growth before winter could be well fitted by cubic function. Thirty-six days after emergence, the average shoot dry weight was 0.219 g per plant, amounting to 0.09 g C per plant. The proportion of ¹⁴C in shoot, root and soil two days after labeling was 35.2%, 10.4% and 51.3% of the total assimilated ¹⁴C, and declined to 3.9%, 4.6% and 26.4% by the end of growth season,respectively. The ¹⁴C amount emitted by respiration increased with plant growth. By the end of growth season, the ¹⁴C output from respiration accounted for 65.2％ of the total ¹⁴C fixed at tillering stage.

Effects of simulated acid rain on some physiological indices of Parakmeria lotungensis seedlings

LI Zhi-guo;WENG Mang-ling;JIANG Wu;JIANG Wei-bing

2007, 26(01):  31-34 . 

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With pot experiment, this paper studied the effects of simulated acid rain on the membrane injury, antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll (Chl) content, and gas exchange of Paramecia lotungensis seedlings leaves. The results showed that under simulated acid rain stress, the membrane permeability and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of P.lotungensis leaves increased significantly , and there was a significant correlation between them. The catalase (CAT) activity decreased gradually, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities increased gradually or greatly. Chl content had an obvious decrease, and net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), water use efficiency (WUE), and stomatal limitation value (L_s) all had a decreasing trend. The intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) tended to increase. All of these suggested that simulated acid rain induced the production of activated oxygen (O₂^-_·), resulting in the maladjustment of antioxidant enzyme system and the imbalance between O₂^-_· production and elimination, which in turn accelerated lipid peroxidation, damaged membrane permeability, disorganized chlorophyll structure, and decreased photosynthetic rate.

Effects of cadmium stress on DNA polymorphism of genome in Vicia faba seedlings

XIE Li-jing^1，2;LIU Wan¹;LI Pei-jun¹;LI Shu-qin²;WANG Fei¹;QI Xue-mei¹;ZANG Shu-yan¹

2007, 26(01):  35-39 . 

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By using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, this paper studied the effects of Cd stress on DNA polymorphism in root tip of Vicia faba seedlings. The results showed that after 7 days of 2.5-15 mg Cd·L^-1 stress, the root elongation growth was inhib-ited, and the total soluble protein content in root tip was decreased. A total of six oligonucleotide primers (10 bp) were found to produce unique polymorphic band patterns, and subsequently used to produce 86 bands of 200-2 520 bp in molecular size in the normal root tip of V. faba seedlings. The RAPD profiles showed obvious differences between normal and exposed plantlets, and the change effect was dose-dependent. The genomic template stability was significantly af-fected by Cd pollution, and the DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD technique could be used as a biomarker for detecting the genotoxic effects of Cd stress on plants.

Altitudinal differentiation of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes composition of main consumers on alpine meadow of east Qinhai-Tibet Plateau

SONG Da-wei¹;LI Ming-cai^2,3,4;LI Lai-xing³;YI Xian-feng⁵;ZHANG Xiao-ai³

2007, 26(01):  40-45 . 

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By measuring the δ¹³C/δ¹⁵N ratios of main plants and their consumers (passerine birds and small mammals) on different altitudes alpine meadow of east Qinhai-Tibet Plateau, this paper studied the characteristics of the consumers’stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes composi-tion and their relationships with the plants’stable isotopes composition and environmental fac-tors. The results showed that the average δ¹³C value of plants increased with increasing altitude,and the stable C and N isotopes composition of the consumers also increased significantly from low to high altitude. Both δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of passerine birds had obvious increase with increasing alti-tude, while the δ¹³C value of small mammals did not change with altitude, but their δ¹⁵N had a significant increase from low to high altitude. It was suggested that the variation of plants’stablecarbon and nitrogen isotopes composition might be the important factor determining the altitudinal differentiation of the consumers’ stable isotopes composition, and the variation of environmental factors due to the changes of altitude and latitude could partially contribute to the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes composition of the consumers. Compared with passerine birds, small mam-mals in their metabolic processes of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were more sensitive to the changes of the environment.

Comparison of beetle (Insecta: Coleoptera) diversity in forest plantations in Yuanmou dry-hot valley

LI Qiao^1,3;CHEN You-qing²;LIU Fang-yan^2,3; GUO Xiao¹;CHEN Zhen¹;FU Wen¹

2007, 26(01):  46-50 . 

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By the method of sweep netting, an investigation was made on the beetle (Insecta: Coleoptera) diversity in Pinus yunnanensis, Eucalyptus, Leucaena leucocephala, Eucalyptus+L. leucocephala, Azadirachta indica, and multiple tree species mixed plantations in Yuanmou dry-hot valley. A total of 925 beetles were captured, belonging to 71 species and 18 families. Chry-somelidae had most species, while Curculionidae had most individuals. The species richness of the beetle communities was 7-23, and the ShannonWiener index was 1.249-2.562, sugges-ting a lower insect diversity as a whole. Among the test plantations, P. yunnanensis plantation had the highest diversity of beetle communities, followed by the mixed plantation, A. indica plantation, and Eucalyptus, L. leucocephala, and Eucalyptus+L. leucocephala plantations. The restoration of multiple tree species mixed plantation was of significance in enhancing insect diver-sity.

Epidemic dynamics of maize wallaby ear disease transmitted by Cicadulina bipunctella and assessment of maize damage

LI Xiao-zhen; LIU Ying-hong; ZHOU Li-fei; ZHANG Ling

2007, 26(01):  51-55 . 

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With laboratory trial and field investigation, this paper studied the epidemic dynamics of maize wallaby ear disease (MWED) transmitted by Cicadulina bipunctella, and assessed the maize damage caused by the disease. The results showed that the maize plants infected by MWED did not show any obvious symptoms at 16 ℃, and the shortest latent period of MWED was 4.85 and 4.64 days at 28 ℃ and 31 ℃, respectively. At high, medium, and low altitudes, the oc-currence and development of MWED were all closely related to the developing dynamics of vector leafhoppers. The disease index increased with increasing density of vector leafhoppers, and reached its maximum (5.75, 10.97 and 9.09, respectively) from the last ten days of May to the first ten days of June. The maize plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear width, kernel number and weight per ear, and 1 000 kernels weight decreased with increasing disease rank. The path analysis of binary linear regression equation on the loss of kernel weight per ear showed that the decrease of 1 000 kernels weight was the main factor of yield loss in the components of maize output.

Potential impacts of alien herbivorous insect Ophraella communa (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) on non-target plants in mainland China

HU Ya-peng; MENG Ling

2007, 26(01):  56-60 . 

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To assess the ecological risks of Ophraella communa, an alien herbivorous insect fed with alien invasive ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia to non-target plants, a choice-feeding test was conducted in laboratory to evaluate the host range, and a field survey was made to observe the fitness performances. The results showed that among the test plants in 52 species of 5 categories, O. communa larvae and adults made more or less feeding damages to the plants in Compositae, including Xanthium sibiricum, Helianthus annuus, Carpesium abrotanoides, H. tuberosus(only for adults), Eupatorium adenophorum(only for larvae), and Centipeda minima (only for larvae). Freshly eclosed larvae could develop into adults and lay eggs on X. sibiricum and 8 H. annuus varieties, and into adults without oviposition on H. tuberosus, a new record of the host plant for larval development. However, the larval development on these plants was subjected to lower survival, less pupa weight, and less oviposition. The potential ecological risk of O. communa to native plants was analyzed.

Seasonal variations of digestive tract length and weight of Niviventer confucianus in Dongting Lake region

2007, 26(01):  61-66 . 

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The study showed that there existed obvious seasonal variations in the digestive tract length and weight of Niviventer confucianus in Dongting lake region. The fresh weight of digestive tract with contents and the fresh and dry weights of the tract without contents were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. As for different organs of the tract, stomach showed significant seasonal variation of its length, being the shortest in winter and longer in summer and autumn, which was the response of N. confucianus to take more food to fit the energy needs for reproduction and to meet the abundant food in summer and autumn. The length, fresh weight with and without contents, and dry weight without contents of other organs (small intestine, caecum and large intestine) were larger in winter and spring than in summer and autumn, an adaptive response to the low temperature and food deficiency in winter and spring. It was suggested that N. confucianus had strong capability in adjusting its gastrointestinal volume and size to adapt to the seasonal changes of ambient temperature and food resources.

Habitat selection of Apodemus chevrieri and Eothenomys miletus in plague foci of Northwest Yunnan Province

MEN Xing-yuan¹;GUO Xian-guo^1,2;DONG Wen-ge²;QIAN Ti-jun²

2007, 26(01):  67-72 . 

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This paper investigated the populations of Apodemus chevrieri and Eothenomys miletus in 13 different habitats, including 4 age class protective forests in Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake National Reserve, their surrounding farmlands, orchards and scrublands, and 6 age class non-protective forests, with the relationships between the two small mammals and forest habitat factors and the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the two small mammals populations studied. The results showed that the niche breadth of A. chevrieri and E. miletus was 0.706 and 0.641, respectively, and their niche overlap was 0831. Regression analysis indicated that most of the two small mammals were on farmland, and least of them were in protective forests. The population densities of the two small mammals in non-protective forests, orchards and scrublands were lower than that on farmlands, but higher than that in protective forests. Anthropogenic disturbance significantly decreased the cover rate, species richness (except for 6-10 years old forests) and density of shrubs, but increased the cover rate and abundance of herbages in bottom layer of forests. Regression model showed that the population densities of the two small mammals were positively correlated with the cover rate of herbages, and negatively affected by the density of shrubs.

Effects of delayed feeding on foraging, growth and survival of Acipenser schrenckii larvae

HUANG Xiao-rong¹;ZHUANG Ping^1，2;ZHANG Long-zhen¹;ZHANG Tao¹;FENG Guang-peng¹;ZHAO Feng¹

2007, 26(01):  73-77 . 

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The study on the effects of delaying first feeding time on the foraging, survival, and growth of Acipenser schrenckii larvae showed that the larvae opened their mouth at the age of 6 days, and started initial foraging at the age of 7 days. The yolk was absorbed completely at the age of 10 days, and the larvae entered into the point-of-no-return (PNR) period at the age of 16-17 days if they couldn’t get exterior nutrition, suggesting that the point-of-no-return (PNR) of A. schrenckii larvae was at the age of 16 days. The survival rate of the larvae decreased with the delay of first feeding time. After the age of 6 days, the survival rate of the larvae was above 60% if the first feeding was delayed less than 7 days, while dropped to 40%, 10% and 0 if the feeding was delayed 8-10, 11, and more than 12 days, respectively. The larvae length and weight increased if the first feeding was delayed within 4 days, but dropped if the feeding was delayed more than 4 days. No significant difference was observed in the larvae length and weight between 8 days delayed feeding and the control, but both of these two indices were significantly lower if the first feeding was delayed more than 9 days, compared with the control. The optimum first feeding time of A. schrenckii larvae was 9-10 days after hatching.

Prediction of grassland degradation in Xilinhaote of Inner Mongolia based on Markov process model

LI Su-ying;LI Xiao-bing;WANG Dan-dan

2007, 26(01):  78-82 . 

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Based on the TM images of typical grassland in Xilinhaote and the field investigations there, a classification system for the degraded grassland was established, and the yearly degradation of the grassland from 2002 to 2011 was predicted by using Markov process model. The prediction indicated that the areas of light and moderately degraded grasslands would be decreased, while that of heavily degraded grassland would be increased. By the end of 2011, the area of heavily degraded grassland would be 6861% of the total, and the proportion of light, moderately and heavily degraded grasslands would be 2∶2.6∶10, suggesting that the grassland degradation in Xilinhote would be quite serious, and countermeasures should be taken to lighten the degradation.

Urban ecological footprint of Taizhou City

CHANG Zhi-hua;LU Zhao-hua;MA Xi-jun;LIANG Zhen

2007, 26(01):  83-87 . 

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Urban ecological footprint can quantitatively reflect the stress and the effects of human activities on urban ecosystem, by which, the health situation of urban ecosystem could be judged. Taking Taizhou City as a case, its ecological footprint in 2002 was calculated. The results showed that in 2002, Taizhou City had an average ecological footprint of 1.33084 hm² and a per capita available ecological carrying capacity of 0.25800 hm², with an ecological deficit of 1.07284 hm², which suggested that the carrying capacity of the urban ecosystem in Taizhou was under great pressure. To make Taizhou City step toward eco-city and achieve sustainable development, policymakers should make efforts on improving resources use efficiency, calling for saving-pattern production and consumption, and trying lessening ecological footprint in the future ecological construction.

Endemic genera of Chinese seed plants in Jinfo Mountains Nature Reserve

ZHOU Xian-rong; XIANG Deng-yun; DAI Xuan

2007, 26(01):  88-93 . 

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Based on field investigation and quantitative analysis, it was found that there were 51endemic genera of Chinese seed plants in Jinfo Mountains Nature Reserve, occupying 4.59% of the seed plant genera in this area and 20.99% of the genera in China. Among them, 4 genera belonged to Gymnospermae, and 47 genera belonged to Angiospermae. 39 mono-species genera occupied 76.47% of the total endemic genera of Chinese seed plants in the Reserve. The endemic genera from Lemiaceae, Gesneriaceae, Apiaceae and Orchidaceae occupied 31.37% of the total 51 genera. The genera of perennial herbages, deciduous trees, and deciduous shrubs were the main life forms, which summed to 41 genera, occupying 80.39% of the total endemic genera in this area. The 51 genera could be divided into two subtypes according to their distribution ranges, among which, 45 genera were restricted in eastern and central China, and 6 genera were mainly in southern China. Areal type analysis of the 51 endemic genera suggested that this flora had obviously transitional characters from tropical to temperate. These endemic genera mainly distributed over lower and medium height mountains. The flora was more closely allied to Dabashan, Wulingshan and Shennongjia in East Sichuan and West Hubei Center (or Sanxia Center). The ancient endemic genera and rare and endangered species took a substantial proportion in the 51 endemic genera of Chinese seed plants, suggesting that this area is an important refuge of paleoflora.

An investigation on the implementing effect of graze-prohibiting policy in Wuchuan County of Inner Mongolia

MA Yue-cun; GAO Wang-sheng; CHEN Yuan-quan; LI Xiang-dong; YANG Shi-qi; CHEN Dong-dong

2007, 26(01):  94-99 . 

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Whether the policies of ecological protection are effective depends on how much economic benefit can be gained by the farmers from them. By using the method of household investigation, this paper analyzed the present situation of implementing graze-prohibiting policy in Wuchuan County of Inner Mongolia, the responses of the households in Wuchuan villages and towns to the policy, and the radical reasons resulting in the different responses. The results showed that most of the farmers realized the positive effects of grazeprohibiting policy in improving eco-environment, but their responses varied with the income after the implementation of the policy and the adjustment of rural industrial structure.Based on the successful case of Dongtucheng Town, it was considered that none but the timely adjustment of rural industrial structure could ensure the sustainability of graze-prohibiting policy.

Spatiotemporal variation of soil moisture and its relation to environmental factors

QIU Yang¹;FU Bo-jie²;WANG Jun^1，3;ZHANG Xi-lai⁴; MENG Qing-hua⁵

2007, 26(01):  100-107 . 

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Spatiotemporal variation of soil moisture represents the differentiation and diversity of soil moisture properties at different scales of time and space, which is related to the joint effects of several environmental factors, including vegetation, land use, meteorological factors (e . g . , rainfall), topography and soil at multiple scales. However, the key scale and dominant factors are differed with different time, space and scale. This paper reviewed the studies on the spatiotemporal variation of soil moisture and its relation to the environmental factors, with the focus on the studies of the Loess Plateau in China. The issues worthy to be further studied were also put forward, including the spatiotemporal variation of soil moisture and its relation to environmental factors at multiple-scales, scaling-up or scaling-down of soil moisture spatiotemporal differentiation, and determination of key scales and corresponding affecting factors.

Hydroecological modeling of wetlands: Theories and methods

ZHOU De-min^1,2,3; GONG Hui-li²;HU Jin-ming¹;ZHAO Kui-yi¹

2007, 26(01):  108-114 . 

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Quantitatively modeling the relationships between ecological patterns and hydrological mechanisms is a key research field for ecologists, hydrologists, and wetland investigators. This paper introduced the conception, principles, and multidisciplinary characteristics of hydroecology, summarized the research progress in hydroecological modeling of wetlands, and discussed the problems existed in present hydroecological modeling, such as scale confliction, lack of efficient validation methods, and indetermination of variables due to model uncertainty. It was indicated that because of its interdisciplinary feature, hydroecological modeling would more coupled with updated geo-scientific techniques, and the present mathematic hydroecological models would be replaced by those with more physical principles. A conceptional hydroecological model of inland floodplain wetlands based on habitat wetness was presented, and an outline of catchment scale-hydroecological model supported by RS and GIS methods was designed.

Dynamic phenological models and their application in climate change research

SONG Fu-qiang^1,2;ZHANG Yi-ping¹

2007, 26(01):  115-120 . 

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Phyto-phenology is defined as the relationships between recurring vegetation cycle and environment. In the beginning, it mainly contributed to and adhered to agriculture, and in last century, several dozens of phenological models have been developed. These models could be classified into two groups, i . e. , static model and dynamic model. The latter attempts to describe the physiological processes which preceded phenophase occurrence, and thus, could be used to some what accurately speculate the commencement dates of phenophases. In this paper,the dynamic phenological models including temperature model, chilling model and others were outlined, among which, temperature model is drawn more concentration than the other models. The underlying principles and hypotheses of the models were described, and several cases of their application in global change were demonstrated. The study of dynamic phenological models was just at its inspiring beginning, and there were more work to be done.

Effects of elevated ambient ozone on ecosystem below-ground processes

CHEN Zhan;WANG Xiao-ke;FENG Zhao-zhong;ZHENG Qi-wei;OUYANG Zhi-yun

2007, 26(01):  121-125 . 

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Ozone is the most important phytotoxic gaseous pollutant in many parts of the world. High level ozone will cause the reduction of crop- and forest outputs. This paper reviewed the research advances in the effects of elevated ozone on the belowground processes of ecosystems, including root growth, root exudation, mycorhizal growth, soil-root respiration, soil enzyme activity, and soil microbiological processes. The significance of this research, the debates in current researches, and the fields and directions needed to be further studied were discussed.

Ecological compensation and its application in marine ecological resources management

HAN Qiu-ying^1，2;HUANG Xiao-ping¹;SHI Ping¹

2007, 26(01):  126-130 . 

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With the rapid development of economy, marine ecological resources are destroyed seriously in China，while the study of their ecological compensation is advantageous to their management.Considering of the weakness in studying the ecological compensation of nature resources, and the deficiency of the studies on ecological compensation of marine ecological resources in China, this paper analyzed the basic issues of marine ecological compensation, i . e . , stakeholder analysis, compensation standard, and compensation approach, which would be helpful in extending the research field on ecological compensation. It was pointed out that ecological compensation of marine ecological resources should include economic compensation, resources compensation, and habitat compensation. The research directions on marine ecological compensation were put forward, including the value evaluation of marine ecological resources, and the theoretical and case studies on their ecological compensation.

Community characteristics of soil insect larvae in agricultural and forest lands in mid-west plain of Jilin Province

WU Dong-hui^1,2;ZHANG Bai²; CHEN Peng³

2007, 26(01):  131-134 . 

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The investigation on the soil insect larvae in agricultural and forest lands in mid-west plain of Jilin Province showed that the species number and in dividuals quantity of soil insect larvae were significantly higher in mid plain than in west plain, and the difference in individuals quantity mainly manifested in the communities of Carabidae, Tipulidae, and Corylophidae. The species number and individuals quantity of soil insect larvae in farmland and residential area were obviously higher than those in protection forest land. Cultivation made soil insect larvae distribute more evenly in soil profile, and differences were observed in the responses of Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera larvae to different land use patterns.

Natural regeneration of Leucaena leucocephala in Yuanmou dry-hot valley

ZONG Yi-chen^1,2;ZHENG Yong-qi^1,2;ZHANG Chuan-hong^1,2;DUAN Fu-wen³;WANG Zhi-he³

2007, 26(01):  135-138 . 

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In this paper, an investigation was made on the Leucaena leucocephala plantations in Yuanmou dry-hot valley in June and October 2005. Under the plantations, there were a great many of seedlings, and all of them were generated from seeds, suggesting that L. leucocephala could naturally regenerate from seed. The seed quantity per tree was from 602 to 1 513, and high trees had more seeds. The seedlings were growing well, with a minimum renewal density of 960 plants per square meter and a maximum renewal density of 960 plants per square meter.The longest dispersal distance of the seedlings was 583 m from the edge of L. leucocephala stand, and the dispersal range was mostly in an area 10 m from the stand. The seeds could be dispersed to a far distance along the valley by wind and running water.

Evaluation model of regional water environment carrying capacity based on artificial neural network and its application in Liaoning Province

WANG Jian^1,2; SUN Tie-heng¹; LI Pei-jun¹; HOU Wei²

2007, 26(01):  139-144 . 

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Based on the concept of water environment carrying capacity and by using artificial neural network, the evaluation model of regional water environment carrying capacity was built from the viewpoint of thresholds, and applied to evaluate the water environment carrying capacity in Liaoning Province. The calculations with the model showed that from 2000 to 2004, the index of water environment carrying capacity in Liaoning Province was 0.29, 0.36, 0.32, 0.37 and 0.43, respectively, suggesting that the water environment carrying capacity in this province was ascending on the whole, but still weak. The model built in this paper had the specialties of simple structure and easily modeling, with which, the regional water environment carrying capacity could be reflected intuitionally.