Taking 6 kinds of natural rattan in Ganzhalin of Hainan Island as the research objects, the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of rattans were screened out by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Redundancy Analysis (RDA). Meanwhile, the variations of rattan population density with environmental factors were analyzed. Calamus rhabdocladus and C. faberii had higher population density, Daemonorops jenkinsiana and C. tetradactylus took second place, while Plectocomia microstachys and C. simplicifolius had lower density. There were five major factors affecting rattan density, with the order of effect being TP > slope > TN > terrain > rock coverage rate. These five factors explained 33.5% of the information of the speciesenvironment relationship on axis 1, and 73.7% information was explained with 4 axes. Some differences existed among the six rattans along five environmental gradients. C. tetradactylus adapted to the lower slope with relatively high soil TP content and low rock coverage rate, C. faberii was mainly found at middle and upper sites with relatively low TN and TP contents and low rock coverage, and C. simplicifolius was more likely to distribute at hollow sites of middle slope with relatively low TN and TP contents. C. rhabdocladus was mainly found in lower valley with low TP content, D. jenkinsiana grew at lower TP sites with high rock coverage, and P. microstachys seedlings more likely to live at slopes with high N and P contents. In conclusion, C. rhabdocladus and D. jenkinsiana have a stronger ability to adapt to habitats in the study region and the response of rattans to habitats is also different among species. Moreover, the response of rattan seedlings to habitats has obvious differences relative to other growing stages. Therefore, in the process of rattan resource protection and recruitment, different measures should be taken for different species and growing stages.