The spatial distribution and correlation of population can reflect the adaptation strategy under the conditions of population succession and environmental change. Kobresia humilis and Polygonum vivipurum are the main species in the subalpine meadow of Gannan. Through field community investigation and by using Ripley’s K function, the distribution pattern and interspecific association of K. humilis and P. vivipurum on different slopes (northerly, westerly, and southerly) were analyzed. The results showed that the distribution of K. humilis and P. viviparum showed a significant difference on the three slopes. The number, coverage and biomass of K. humilis showed an increasing trend, and the P. viviparum showed a decreasing trend from northerly to westerly to southerly slope. On northerly slope, the population of K. humilis showed an aggregated distribution at 0-2.2 m scale, and the aggregation intensity decreased and tended to randomly distribute with the increase of scale; P. viviparum was in aggregated distribution. On westerly slope, K. humilis and P. vivipurum showed aggregated distribution at 0-0.8 m scale, and random distribution at >2.3 m scale. The distribution pattern of K. humilis and P. vivipurum showed a random distribution on southerly slope. The two species showed a positive correlation at 0-1 m scale on northerly slope, and a negative correlation at 0-1.3 m scale on westerly slope. Interspecific associations tended to be uncorrelated with increasing scales on these two slopes, and these two species also showed no correlation on southerly slope. The spatial patterns and associations of K. humilis and P. vivipurum are helpful for us to understand the intraspecific and interspecific competition processes, the diversity of ecological strategies and the community succession trend in the subalpine meadow.