Effects of land use change on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle has been becoming a hot topic  research of global carbon cycle and climate change. Land use changes can influence soil organic carbon content, fractions and stability, thus affecting soil CO₂ concentration, and then controlling carbon sink effects of karst geological process. This paper summarizes the effects of land use change on soil organic carbon and karst geological process in karst area, and clarifies the processes and mechanisms of land use change effects on soil organic carbon and its fractions, and the mechanisms of soil CO₂ control, water cycle and inorganic acid disturbance, which influence karst geological process induced by land use change. The aggregate fate and distribution of soil carbon sequestration, mechanisms of physical protection in soil aggregate, and calcium chemical stabilization mechanisms need to be further studied in future. More attention should be paid to how soil CO₂, water cycle and inorganic acid influence karst carbon sink intensity in the process of land use change. The relationships between stable organic matter derived from aquatic photosynthesis by which dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was used, and DIC and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) fluxes, and the mechanisms of their response to land use change will become a frontier of karst carbon cycle research. In addition, the influences of rocky desertification control on karst carbon cycle and the technologies for increasing carbon sequestration need to attain more attention.