黄河兰州段河流湿地植被和土壤碳密度分配格局及影响因素

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202607.017

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 2222-2229.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202607.017

黄河兰州段河流湿地植被和土壤碳密度分配格局及影响因素

王恩启,赵成章^*,赵子义,师文浩,张歆悦

（西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃省湿地资源保护与产业发展工程研究中心，兰州 730070）

出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-10

Allocation patterns and influencing factors of vegetation and soil carbon density in the river wetland in Lanzhou section of the Yellow River.

WANG Enqi, ZHAO Chengzhang^*, ZHAO Ziyi, SHI Wenhao, ZHANG Xinyue

(School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Research Center of Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China).

Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究生态系统碳密度分配格局及影响因素，有助于深入理解湿地生态水文过程对碳汇功能的影响机制。本研究以兰州市雁儿湾湿地公园为实验区，依据地下水位变化和植物群落分布特征，由河滨至高滩依次设置滨水区、过渡区和边缘区，采用群落学调查方法，研究了河流湿地生态系统碳密度分配格局及其影响因素。结果表明：由滨水区至边缘区，地下水位下降，土壤含水率降低，植物群落的生物量、盖度和密度分别由3409.51 g·m^-2、97.84%、221.84 bunch·m^-2下降至1396.85 g·m^-2、96.34%、149.00 bunch·m^-2；生态系统碳密度、植物群落碳密度和植物群落的茎、叶碳密度由96.57、14.26、4.11、3.31 t·hm^-2下降至61.98、5.55、1.32、0.99 t·hm^-2；茎叶碳密度占比由28.79%、23.24%降低至23.80%、17.77%，根系碳密度和土壤碳密度占比由47.97%、85.23%增加至58.43%、91.05%；不同生境土壤有机碳含量和碳密度存在差异。生态系统碳密度、植物群落碳密度和土壤碳密度与群落高度、生物量和土壤有机碳含量、含水率呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。总之，生境引起的水位变化对河流湿地植被和土壤碳密度具有重要影响。

关键词: 碳密度, 分配格局, 地下水埋深, 植物群落, 黄河兰州段

Abstract: Understanding the distribution patterns of carbon density and influencing factors of wetlands is conducive to revealing the influence mechanism of wetland eco-hydrological processes on carbon sequestration. Based on variations in groundwater levels and the characteristics of plant community distribution, three habitats in the riparian wetland along the Yellow River in Yan’erwan Wetland Park of Lanzhou City were established sequentially from the riverside to the higher-elevation shoal: waterside zone, transition zone, and edge zone. The spatial distribution of carbon density of wetlands and its influencing factors were examined by community investigation. The results showed that from the waterside zone to the edge zone, groundwater level declined, soil water content decreased, and biomass, coverage and density of plant community decreased from 3409.51 g·m^-2, 97.84%, and 221.84 bunch·m^-2 to 1396.85 g·m^-2, 96.34%, and 149.00 bunch·m^-2, respectively. Ecosystem carbon density, vegetation carbon density, stem carbon density, and leaf carbon density decreased from 96.57, 14.26, 4.11, and 3.31 t·hm^-2 to 61.98, 5.55, 1.32, and 0.99 t·hm^-2, respectively. The proportions of stem and leaf carbon density declined from 28.79% and 23.24% to 23.80% and 17.77%, respectively, while the proportions of root carbon density and soil carbon density increased from 47.97% and 85.23% to 58.43% and 91.05%, respectively. There were significant differences in soil organic carbon content and carbon density across different habitats. The carbon density of the whole ecosystem and that of the vegetation and soil component were highly significantly positively correlated with community height, biomass, soil organic carbon content, and soil moisture (P<0.01). In summary, water level fluctuations among habitats significantly influence vegetation and soil carbon density in river wetlands.

Key words: carbon density, allocation pattern, groundwater table depth, plant community, Lanzhou section of the Yellow River

王恩启, 赵成章, 赵子义, 师文浩, 张歆悦. 黄河兰州段河流湿地植被和土壤碳密度分配格局及影响因素[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(7): 2222-2229.

WANG Enqi, ZHAO Chengzhang, ZHAO Ziyi, SHI Wenhao, ZHANG Xinyue. Allocation patterns and influencing factors of vegetation and soil carbon density in the river wetland in Lanzhou section of the Yellow River.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(7): 2222-2229.

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黄河兰州段河流湿地植被和土壤碳密度分配格局及影响因素

Allocation patterns and influencing factors of vegetation and soil carbon density in the river wetland in Lanzhou section of the Yellow River.

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