中心城区住区绿地和水体的热缓解效应与优化策略：以厦门岛为例

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202505.007

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 1614-1625.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202505.007

中心城区住区绿地和水体的热缓解效应与优化策略：以厦门岛为例

黄宁^1,2*,刘琪¹,赖建萍¹,张国钦³,廖江福⁴,黄云凤^1,2

（¹集美大学港口与海岸工程学院，厦门 361021； ²集美大学环境工程研究所，厦门 361021； ³中国科学院城市环境研究所，厦门 361021； ⁴集美大学计算机工程学院，厦门 361021）

出版日期:2025-06-10 发布日期:2025-05-14

Thermal mitigation effect and optimization strategy of green space and water of residential compounds in central urban area: A case study of Xiamen Island.

HUANG Ning^1,2*, LIU Qi¹, LAI Jianping¹, ZHANG Guoqin³, LIAO Jiangfu⁴, HUANG Yunfeng^1,2

(¹College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; ²Institute of Environmental Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; ³Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; ⁴Computer Engineering College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China).

Online:2025-06-10 Published:2025-05-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 住区是与居民密切相关的城市基本单元，研究其绿地与水体的热缓解效应对于改善住区热环境具有重要意义。以厦门岛中西部城区21个住区12459个绿地水体斑块为对象，在基于2021年Landsat 8遥感影像与绿地水体矢量数据反演地表温度、分析住区绿地和水体基本特征与空间分布特征的基础上，本研究对不同类型住区绿地和水体的热缓解效应进行了分析。结果表明：（1）研究住区绿地和水体平均降温范围50 m左右，平均降温幅度0.7 ℃左右，其中0~40 m内降温效果较显著，降温覆盖住区面积比例平均为72%；所构建的绿地和水体热缓解效应综合评价指数TEMA研究住区总平均值为0.39；（2）传统住区绿地和水体降温范围大于现代住区，而现代住区降温幅度显著大于传统住区，降温覆盖住区面积占比也显著较高，总体现代住区TEMA值相对较高，热缓解效应更为显著；现代住区中，高层住区的降温范围和幅度皆最大，TEMA值最高，高层与多层混合住区的降温范围和幅度均最小，TEMA值最低；不同类型住区用地布局的不同使绿地水体基本属性与空间分布格局呈现不同特征，造成热缓解效应的差异；（3）传统住区可增加绿地面积占比、促进蓝绿协同作用提升热缓解效应；混合住区可增加绿地水体面积占比与平均斑块面积，提高归一化植被指数，增加绿地水体连通度来提升热缓解效应。研究结果有助于增进对住区绿地水体热环境调控力度的认识，为各地中心城区以热缓解为目标的各类住区绿地和水体优化规划与实践提供参考借鉴。

关键词: 绿地, 水体, 降温范围, 降温幅度, 热缓解, 住区, 优化

Abstract: Residential compound is a basic urban unit closely related to residents. It is of great significance to understand the thermal mitigation effects of green space and water in the residential compounds for improving the thermal environment of residential compounds. In this study, we took 12459 green space and water patches of 21 residential compounds in the central and western urban areas of Xiamen Island as research objects. Based on Landsat 8 remote sensing images in 2021 and green space and water vector data, the land surface temperatures were retrieved and the basic and spatial distribution characteristics of green space and water in residential compounds were analyzed. The thermal mitigation effects of green space and water in different types of residential compounds were analyzed and compared. The results showed that: (1) The average cooling range of green space and water in the studied residential compounds was about 50 m, and the average cooling amplitude was about 0.7 ℃. The cooling effect was more significant within 40 m, and the average proportion of cooling space covering the residential compounds was 72%. The average value of the thermal mitigation effect assessment (TMEA) index was 0.39. (2) The cooling range of green space and water in traditional residential compounds was larger than that in modern residential compounds, while the cooling amplitude of green space and water in the modern residential compounds was significantly larger than that in the traditional residential compounds. The average proportion of cooling space covering the residential compounds was larger than that in the traditional residential compounds. In general, the TEMA value of the modern residential compounds was higher than that of the traditional residential compounds. Among the modern residential compounds, the cooling range and amplitude of high-rise residential compounds were the largest, and the TEMA value was the highest, while those of high-rise and multi-storey mixed residential compounds were the smallest, and the value of TEMA was the lowest. The difference of land use layout in different residential compounds made different characteristics of the basic attributes and spatial distribution pattern of green space and water, resulting in the differences of thermal mitigation effect. (3) To enhance the thermal mitigation effect, we could increase the proportion of green space’s area and promote the synergistic effect of green space and water in the traditional residential compounds. For the mixed residential compounds, we could increase the proportion of green space and water’s area and the size of average patch area, improve the normalized vegetation index, and increase the connectivity of green space and water. Our results can enhance the understanding of the thermal mitigation effects of green space and water in residential compounds, and provide references for the optimization planning and practice of green space and water in various residential compounds with the aim of thermal mitigation in urban areas.

Key words: green space, water, cooling range, cooling amplitude, thermal mitigation, residential compound, optimization

黄宁, 刘琪, 赖建萍, 张国钦, 廖江福, 黄云凤. 中心城区住区绿地和水体的热缓解效应与优化策略：以厦门岛为例[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(5): 1614-1625.

HUANG Ning, LIU Qi, LAI Jianping, ZHANG Guoqin, LIAO Jiangfu, HUANG Yunfeng. Thermal mitigation effect and optimization strategy of green space and water of residential compounds in central urban area: A case study of Xiamen Island.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(5): 1614-1625.

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中心城区住区绿地和水体的热缓解效应与优化策略：以厦门岛为例

Thermal mitigation effect and optimization strategy of green space and water of residential compounds in central urban area: A case study of Xiamen Island.

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