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生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 1314-1320.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202504.021

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于MaxEnt模型的湖南省毛冠鹿潜在生境适宜性评价

杨梦蝶1,邓泽帅1,曹越1,康祖杰2,张裕中3,向建军4,唐隆平5,杨道德1*
  

  1. （1中南林业科技大学野生动植物保护研究所， 长沙 410004； 2湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区管理局， 湖南石门 415319； 3湘西土家族苗族自治州林业局， 湖南吉首 416000； 4湖南八大公山国家级自然保护区管理处， 湖南桑植 427100； 5东安舜皇山国家森林公园， 湖南永州 425000）

  • 出版日期:2025-04-10 发布日期:2025-04-14

Assessing habitat suitability of Elaphodus cephalophus in Hunan Province based on MaxEnt model.

YANG Mengdie1, DENG Zeshuai1, CAO Yue1, KANG Zujie2, ZHANG Yuzhong3, XIANG Jianjun4, TANG Longping5, YANG Daode1*#br#

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  1. (1Institute of Wildlife Conservation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004,  China; 2Administration Bureau of Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve, Shimen 415319,  Hunan,  China; 3Forestry Bureau of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Jishou 416000, Hunan, China; 4Administration Bureau of Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Sangzhi 427100, Hunan, China; 5Dongan Shunhuang Mountain National Forest Park, Yongzhou 425000, Hunan, China).

  • Online:2025-04-10 Published:2025-04-14

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摘要： 开展生境适宜性评价可以明确研究区内适合野生动物生存的区域，有利于分析野生动物与生境之间的关系，从而为保护珍稀濒危野生动物提供技术支撑。毛冠鹿（Elaphodus cephalophus）是广泛分布于我国南方的国家二级重点保护野生动物，研究毛冠鹿潜在生境的适宜性，可促进毛冠鹿种群的科学保护及其生境的有效管理。本研究基于湖南省红外相机监测获得的177个毛冠鹿分布位点信息，结合气候、地形和植被类型等23个环境因子构建MaxEnt模型，并使用R软件中的EMNeval数据包对模型进行优化，分析了毛冠鹿适宜生境的分布状况及主要环境影响因子。结果显示：平均训练集的AUC值为0.967，预测结果达到优秀水平；影响湖南省毛冠鹿生境适宜性的主要环境因子为海拔（Alt）、月均昼夜温差值（Bio02）、植被类型（Veg）、降水量变异系数（Bio15）、等温性（Bio03）和最干季度平均温度（Bio09），总贡献值为73.3%；毛冠鹿在湖南省的潜在适宜生境主要分布于武陵山脉、雪峰山脉和南岭山脉，总面积为61931.57 km2，占湖南省土地面积的29.24%，其中高适宜生境面积为29914.46 km2，次适宜生境面积为32017.11 km2；湘东、湘中仅有零星的适生区分布，且生境破碎化严重。为更好地保护和管理湖南省全域的毛冠鹿种群，需加强对该物种的监测力度，重视小种群所在地的生态环境保护。


关键词: 毛冠鹿, MaxEnt模型, 分布预测, 生境适宜性评价, 湖南省

Abstract: Habitat suitability assessment can identify the areas suitable for wildlife survival, revealing the relationship between wildlife and habitat, and thus could provide technical support for conserving rare and endangered wildlife. The tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) is widely distributed in southern China and classified as a second-level key protected wildlife species in the country. To investigate the potential habitat suitability of tufted deer in Hunan Province, we analyzed 177 distribution points captured by infrared cameras. A MaxEnt model was constructed based on 23 environmental factors, including climate, topography, and vegetation type. The model was optimized using the EMNeval package in R software and then was used to analyze the distribution status of suitable habitats for tufted deer and the main environmental influencing factors. The results showed that the average AUC value of the training set was 0.967, indicating excellent performance in prediction. The main environmental factors influencing the habitat suitability of tufted deer in Hunan Province include altitude (Alt), monthly mean diurnal range (Bio02), vegetation type (Veg), precipitation seasonality (Bio15), isothermality (Bio03), and mean temperature of the driest quarter (Bio09), with a total contribution of 73.3%. The potential suitable habitats for tufted deer in Hunan Province are mainly distributed in the Wuling Mountains, Xuefeng Mountains, and Nanling Mountains, covering a total area of 61931.57 km2 or 29.24% of the province’s land area. The highly suitable habitat area is 29914.46 km2, and the moderately suitable habitat area is 32017.11 km2. To enhance the conservation and management of tufted deer population throughout Hunan Province, it is therefore essential to strengthen monitoring efforts and to prioritize the ecological protection of habitats where small populations are located.

Key words: tufted deer, MaxEnt model, distribution prediction, habitat suitability assessment, Hunan Province

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