生物炭和双氰胺对滨海盐碱土氮素转化及大豆氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202502.032

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 502-511.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202502.032

生物炭和双氰胺对滨海盐碱土氮素转化及大豆氮素吸收利用的影响

陈洪鹏^1,2,于春晓^1,3,王光美^1,3*,张海波^1,3,张奕^1,3,李洪秀⁴

（¹中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所，中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室，山东烟台 264003； ²中国科学院大学，北京 100049； ³国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心，黄河三角洲农业高新技术产业示范区，山东东营 257300； ⁴山东盐碱地现代农业有限责任公司，山东东营 257300）

出版日期:2025-02-10 发布日期:2025-02-10

Effects of biochar and dicyandiamide on soil nitrogen transformation and soybean nitrogen absorption and utilization in coastal saline-alkali soil.

CHEN Hongpeng^1,2, YU Chunxiao^1,3, WANG Guangmei^1,3*, ZHANG Haibo^1,3, ZHANG Yi^1,3, LI Hongxiu⁴

(¹Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China; ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; ³Technology Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-alkali Land, Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta, Dongying 257300, Shandong, China; ⁴Shandong Saline-alkali Land Modern Agriculture Co. Ltd, Dongying 257300, Shandong, China).

Online:2025-02-10 Published:2025-02-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 盐胁迫条件下的低氮素有效性是限制滨海盐碱土作物产能的重要因素。施用生物炭和硝化抑制剂可提升土壤氮素有效性，但在黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地的应用研究仍相对缺乏。本研究采用田间原位实验，设置5个处理：对照（不施氮，CK）、氮（N）、氮+生物炭（NB）、氮+2%双氰胺DCD（ND）、氮+生物炭+2% DCD（NBD），探究生物炭和DCD对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱土氮素转化及对大豆氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明：（1）与N处理相比，生物炭和DCD降低土壤pH和电导率（EC），显著抑制土壤硝化作用，调节土壤氮素供应时间和水平，提高大豆生育后期微生物对土壤氮素的固持；（2）土壤氮转化酶活性在大豆生长季呈先升高后降低趋势；与N处理相比，添加生物炭和DCD均能提高氮转化酶活性，NBD处理下蛋白酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性最高，平均提高33.8%、28.3%、26.0%和18.8%；（3）生物炭和DCD均能促进大豆吸收利用氮素，提高大豆生物量和籽粒产量，两者配施存在正向促进作用，增产效果更为显著。在黄河三角洲地区，生物炭和DCD配施能提高氮素有效性，促进植物对氮素的吸收利用，可为该区盐碱化农田作物增产和氮肥高效利用提供参考。

关键词: 黄河三角洲, 氮转化酶, 碳氮耦合, 作物产量, 氮素利用

Abstract: Low nitrogen availability under salt stress is an important factor limiting crop productivity of coastal saline-alkali soil. Application of biochar and nitrification inhibitors can improve soil nitrogen availability. But there is relatively little research on the application of biochar and nitrification inhibitors in the Yellow River Delta coastal saline-alkali land. A field in situ experiment was conducted to explore the effects of biochar and DCD on nitrogen transformation and nitrogen uptake/utilization of soybean of coastal saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta. There were five treatments: control (no nitrogen application, CK), nitrogen (N), nitrogen + biochar (NB), nitrogen + 2% dicyandiamide DCD (ND), nitrogen + biochar + 2% DCD (NBD). Results showed that: (1) Compared with N application, biochar and DCD decreased soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC), significantly inhibited soil nitrification, regulated the duration and level of soil nitrogen supply, and improved soil nitrogen sequestration by microorganisms in late stage of soybean. (2) The activity of soil nitrogen converting enzymes showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing during the growing season of soybean. Compared with N treatment, both biochar and DCD additions increased the activity of nitrogen conversion enzymes. The highest activities of protease, urease, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase were observed under NBD treatment, with an average increase of 33.8%, 28.3%, 26.0% and 18.8%, respectively. (3) Both biochar and DCD promoted nitrogen uptake and utilization of soybean, and increased its biomass and grain yield. The combined application of biochar and DCD had a synergistic effect, with more significant yield improvement. In the Yellow River Delta, combined application of biochar and DCD can improve soil nitrogen availability, and promote nitrogen uptake and utilization by plants, which provide a reference for crop yield improvement and efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer in salinized farmlands.

Key words: Yellow River Delta, nitrogen conversion enzyme, carbon and nitrogen coupling, crop yield, nitrogen utilization

陈洪鹏, 于春晓, 王光美, 张海波, 张奕, 李洪秀. 生物炭和双氰胺对滨海盐碱土氮素转化及大豆氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(2): 502-511.

CHEN Hongpeng, YU Chunxiao, WANG Guangmei, ZHANG Haibo, ZHANG Yi, LI Hongxiu. Effects of biochar and dicyandiamide on soil nitrogen transformation and soybean nitrogen absorption and utilization in coastal saline-alkali soil.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(2): 502-511.

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生物炭和双氰胺对滨海盐碱土氮素转化及大豆氮素吸收利用的影响

Effects of biochar and dicyandiamide on soil nitrogen transformation and soybean nitrogen absorption and utilization in coastal saline-alkali soil.

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