长白山阔叶红松林土壤真菌和细菌N2O排放对施氮和降水变化的响应

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202502.030

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 417-424.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202502.030

长白山阔叶红松林土壤真菌和细菌N₂O排放对施氮和降水变化的响应

张蕾¹,雷馥歌¹,宿振浩¹,杨佳诺¹,张悦^2,3,郭忠玲¹,韩旭^1*

（¹北华大学林学院，吉林吉林 132013； ²中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林生态与保育重点实验室，沈阳 110016； ³中国科学院大学，北京 100049）

出版日期:2025-02-10 发布日期:2025-02-10

Responses of soil fungal and bacterial N₂O emissions to nitrogen fertilization and precipitation changes in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains, China.

ZHANG Lei¹, LEI Fuge¹, SU Zhenhao¹, YANG Jianuo¹, ZHANG Yue^2,3, GUO Zhongling¹, HAN Xu^1*

(¹Forestry College of Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin, China; ²Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; ³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).

Online:2025-02-10 Published:2025-02-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以长白山阔叶红松林长期（8年）施氮和减少降水固定样地土壤为对象，通过室内培养试验，结合抗生素抑制技术，分析真菌和细菌两类土壤微生物N₂O排放对施氮和减水的响应。结果表明：对照处理中，土壤N₂O排放为0.79 nmol·g^-1·h^-1，单独减水、施氮处理和同时减水施氮处理均显著促进了土壤N₂O的排放，分别为3.55、1.84和1.84 nmol·g^-1·h^-1，且减水和施氮处理之间存在显著交互作用。其中细菌N₂O排放受施氮和减水处理的影响，施氮处理促进细菌N₂O排放进而提高土壤总N₂O排放量。真菌N₂O排放主要受减水处理影响，减水施氮处理促进真菌N₂O排放进而提高土壤总N₂O排放量。而减水处理所造成的N₂O排放增加归因于细菌和真菌的共同作用。在对照、减水和施氮处理中，N₂O排放以细菌为主，相对贡献率为90.3%、68.2%和91.1%；而在减水施氮处理中，N₂O排放以真菌为主，相对贡献率为68.5%。由此可见，干旱情景下，长期施氮会改变土壤N₂O排放的主要微生物种类，直接影响土壤真菌和细菌N₂O排放量，进而影响土壤N₂O的排放总量，对森林生态系统氮循环过程造成影响。

关键词: 土壤N₂O排放, 真菌, 细菌, 氮沉降, 减水

Abstract: Combined with the antibiotic inhibition technique, we examined the responses of soil fungal and bacterial N₂O emissions in a laboratory culture experiment. Soil samples were collected from fixed plots with long-term (eight years) nitrogen application and precipitation reduction in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains. Results showed that soil N₂O emissions were 0.79 nmol·g^-1·h^-1 in the control. Nitrogen application, precipitation reduction, and simultaneous precipitation reduction and nitrogen application significantly enhanced soil N₂O emissions, which were 3.55, 1.84 and 1.84 nmol·g^-1·h^-1, respectively. There was a significant interaction between precipitation reduction and nitrogen application. Bacterial N₂O emissions were affected by nitrogen application and precipitation reduction. Nitrogen application promoted bacterial N₂O emissions, thereby promoting total soil N₂O emissions. Fungal N₂O emissions were mainly affected by precipitation reduction. Simultaneous precipitation reduction and nitrogen application promoted fungal N₂O emissions, thereby promoting total soil N₂O emissions. The increase in N₂O emissions caused by precipitation reduction treatment was attributed to the interaction of bacteria and fungi. In the control, precipitation reduction, and nitrogen application treatments, N₂O emissions were mainly contributed by bacteria, with relative contribution rates of 90.3%, 68.2% and 91.1%, respectively. In the nitrogen application and precipitation reduction treatment, N₂O emissions were mainly contributed by fungi, with a contribution rate of 68.5%. Therefore, long-term nitrogen application under drought scenario would alter the main microbial species involved in soil N₂O emission, directly affect the amount of N₂O emissions from soil fungi and bacteria, thereby affecting total soil N₂O emissions, which influence nitrogen cycling in forest ecosystems.

Key words: soil N₂O emission, fungi, bacteria, nitrogen deposition, precipitation reduction

张蕾, 雷馥歌, 宿振浩, 杨佳诺, 张悦, 郭忠玲, 韩旭. 长白山阔叶红松林土壤真菌和细菌N₂O排放对施氮和降水变化的响应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(2): 417-424.

ZHANG Lei, LEI Fuge, SU Zhenhao, YANG Jianuo, ZHANG Yue, GUO Zhongling, HAN Xu. Responses of soil fungal and bacterial N₂O emissions to nitrogen fertilization and precipitation changes in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(2): 417-424.

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长白山阔叶红松林土壤真菌和细菌N₂O排放对施氮和降水变化的响应

Responses of soil fungal and bacterial N₂O emissions to nitrogen fertilization and precipitation changes in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains, China.

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