皆伐改造闽粤栲林下木本植物生态位特征和空间分布格局

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202501.021

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 21-31.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202501.021

皆伐改造闽粤栲林下木本植物生态位特征和空间分布格局

吴巧云¹,林晗¹,陈灿^1,2*,范海兰²,张斌³,何俊³,方晨²,袁锋¹,王英姿⁴,吴承祯⁵

（¹福建农林大学林学院，森林生态系统过程与经营福建省高校重点实验室，福州 350002； ²福建农林大学菌草与生态学院，福州 350002； ³南平市建阳区林业局，福建南平 354200； ⁴福州市自然保护地规划发展中心，福州 350002； ⁵武夷学院，福建南平 354300）

出版日期:2025-01-10 发布日期:2025-01-10

Ecological niche characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of woody plants in the understory of Castanopsis fissa forest after clearcutting.

WU Qiaoyun¹, LIN Han¹, CHEN Can^1,2*, FAN Hailan², ZHANG Bin³, HE Jun³, FANG Chen², YUAN Feng¹, WANG Yingzi⁴, WU Chengzhen⁵

(¹College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Collegiate Key Lab of Forest-Ecosystem Process and Management in Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China; ²College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; ³Forestry Bureau of Jianyang District, Nanping 354200, Fujian, China; ⁴Fuzhou Nature Protected Area Planning and Development Center, Fuzhou 350002, China; ⁵Wuyi University, Nanping 354300, Fujian, China).

Online:2025-01-10 Published:2025-01-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态位可揭示物种对环境的适应程度，反映种群在群落中的地位，而个体空间分布格局则表征了种群分布特征及其发展趋势。为明确杉木低产低效林皆伐改植后闽粤栲林下木本植物群落更新状态，本研究以南平市建阳国有林场原杉木林皆伐改植闽粤栲林下恢复23年的木本植物为研究对象，采用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠等2个指数分析物种生态位特征，以丰富度等7个聚集度指数对重要值大于1的优势种空间分布格局进行探讨。结果表明：（1）林下闽粤栲幼苗属于该群落的主要优势种，其重要值和生态位宽度均最大，分别为115.30%和1.00，且均与其他物种存在较大的生态位重叠，与上层乔木树种保持着相同优势地位。（2）林下主要木本植物的重要值、生态位宽度、生态位重叠彼此间均无显著的线性相关关系；且种对间的生态位重叠值在\[0,1\]中均有分布，大多数种对为明显重叠（0.5≤O_ik<1）；（3）林下木本植物的空间分布格局多数呈集群分布，少部分呈均匀分布。小尺度范围内不同尺度对种群空间分布格局的影响主要体现于集群程度的变化。总体上，林下木本植物自然恢复状态良好，种间关系稳定，林下仍处于演替恢复阶段。

关键词: 皆伐更新, 林下木本植物, 闽粤栲, 生态位, 空间分布格局

Abstract: Ecological niche is a key indicator for the adaptive capacity of a species in the environment, offering insights into population status. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of individuals provides crucial information for population dispersion characteristics and development trends. To clarify the regeneration dynamics of understory woody plant communities in a replanted broadleaved forest, we examined the woody species thriving beneath the replanted C. fissa forest, which was established 23 years ago after the clear-cutting of low-yield and low-efficiency Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in Jianyang State-owned Forest Farm of Nanping City. Levins niche breadth and Pianka’s niche overlap were used to analyze the niche characteristics of species. Seven aggregation indices were employed to explore the spatial distribution pattern of dominant species with importance values greater than 1. The results showed that: (1) the seedlings of C. fissa were predominant in the understory community, with the largest importance value and niche breadth, which were 115.30% and 1.00 respectively. A substantial niche overlap was observed with other species, which maintained its dominant position with the upper canopy species. (2) There were no correlations between the importance values, niche breadths and niche overlaps. The niche overlap values among species pairs were distributed within the range of \[0, 1\], with most of the species pairs displaying significant overlap (0.5≤O_ik<1). (3) Most understory woody species were clustered in spatial distribution, and a few showed even distribution. The influence of different scales on the spatial distribution pattern of the populations within the small-scale range was mainly manifested in the change of clustering intensity. In general, the natural recovery of understory woody plants was at good condition, the interspecific relationship was stable, and the understory vegetation was in the stage of succession recovery.

Key words: clear-cutting regeneration, understory woody plant, Castanopsis fissa, niche, spatial distribution pattern

吴巧云, 林晗, 陈灿, 范海兰, 张斌, 何俊, 方晨, 袁锋, 王英姿, 吴承祯. 皆伐改造闽粤栲林下木本植物生态位特征和空间分布格局[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(1): 21-31.

WU Qiaoyun, LIN Han, CHEN Can, FAN Hailan, ZHANG Bin, HE Jun, FANG Chen, YUAN Feng, WANG Yingzi, WU Chengzhen. Ecological niche characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of woody plants in the understory of Castanopsis fissa forest after clearcutting. [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(1): 21-31.

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皆伐改造闽粤栲林下木本植物生态位特征和空间分布格局

Ecological niche characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of woody plants in the understory of Castanopsis fissa forest after clearcutting.

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