不同灌水量对核桃树生理、生长和果实品质的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202311.016

生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 2578-2587.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202311.016

不同灌水量对核桃树生理、生长和果实品质的影响

陈图强^1,2,3,徐贵青^1,2,3*,陈家祯^4,5,刘深思^1,2,3,李金瑶⁶,虎海防^7,8

（¹中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830011； ²中国科学院阜康荒漠生态国家野外科学观测研究站，新疆阜康 831505； ³中国科学院大学，北京 100049； ⁴新疆师范大学地理与旅游学院，乌鲁木齐 830011； ⁵新疆阿克苏森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站，新疆阿克苏 652901； ⁶新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院，乌鲁木齐 830052； ⁷新疆佳木果树学国家长期科研基地，新疆阿克苏 652901； ⁸新疆林业科学院，乌鲁木齐 830011）

出版日期:2023-11-10 发布日期:2023-10-27

Effects of different water supply amounts on physiology, growth, and fruit quality of walnut trees.

CHEN Tuqiang^1,2,3, XU Guiqing^1,2,3* CHEN Jiazhen^4,5, LIU Shensi^1,2,3, LI Jinyao⁶, HU Haifang^7,8

(¹Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Urumqi 830011, China; ²Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, Xinjiang, China; ³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; ⁴ College of Geographical Sciences and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830011, China; ⁵Aksu National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Aksu 652901, Xinjiang, China; ⁶ College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; ⁷Long-term National Research Base of Jiamu Fruit Tree Science in Xinjiang, Aksu 652901, Xinjiang, China; ⁸Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China).

Online:2023-11-10 Published:2023-10-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水分是限制干旱区核桃产业提质增产的关键因子，然而不同水分供应下树体结构对核桃树生理、生长及果实品质的影响并不清楚。以‘温185’核桃为实验材料，设置3组灌溉量，亏缺（DI）、保墒（CI）和过量灌溉（EI），测定不同树冠垂直高度（下、中、上）叶片水力性状、光合生理特性、可溶性糖含量、叶面积、枝条生长、果实形态和空壳瘪仁率。结果表明：（1）正午叶水势因灌溉量的减少而显著下降，且随树冠高度的增加而下降，树冠上部的正午叶水势相较于下部显著降低；（2）光补偿点、光饱和点、最大净光合速率、最大光化学效率和叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）随灌溉量的减少无显著差异；（3）灌溉量的减少未对叶片及细根的可溶性糖含量产生显著影响，但核桃仁的可溶性糖含量显著升高，且随树冠高度的增加而累积；（4）叶面积因灌溉量减少显著降低，胡伯尔值显著升高；灌溉量的减少未对果实形态产生显著影响，但会增加核桃的空壳瘪仁率，DI组相较于EI组的空壳瘪仁率上升了87.9%，并且核桃树上部的空壳瘪仁率相较于下部升高了41.8%。研究发现，核桃树通过提高胡伯尔值和减少叶面积，以维持稳定光合来抵御干旱，但树冠高度的增加带来的水力限制会加剧植株的水分胁迫，由此造成果实空壳瘪仁率的升高。

关键词: ‘温185’核桃, 水分胁迫, 空壳瘪仁率, 可溶性糖, 气体交换, 树冠

Abstract: Water is a key factor limiting the improvement of both quality and yield of walnut industry in arid areas. The effects of different water supply amounts on physiology, growth, and fruit quality of walnut trees remain unclear. We conducted an irrigation experiment with three treatments, i.e., deficit (DI), conventional (CI), and excess irrigation (EI). We measured leaf hydraulic traits, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, soluble sugar content, leaf area, branch growth, fruit morphology and no kernel or deflated kernel rate at different canopy heights of ‘Wen 185’ walnut trees. The results showed that: (1) Midday leaf water potential decreased significantly with decreasing irrigation and increasing canopy height. Midday leaf water potential at the upper canopy was significantly lower than that at the lower canopy. (2) Different irrigation amounts did not affect light compensation point, light saturation point, maximum net photosynthetic rate, maximum photochemical efficiency, and chlorophyll SPAD. (3) Irrigation treatments did not significantly affect soluble sugar content of leaves and fine roots, but the soluble sugar content of walnut kernels was significantly increased with decreasing irrigation and accumulated with increasing canopy height. (4) Leaf area was significantly decreased and Huber value was significantly increased with the reduction of irrigation. The reduction of irrigation did not affect fruit morphology, but increased the no kernel or deflated kernel rate, with a rate being 87.9% higher in the DI group than in the EI group. The no kernel or deflated kernel rate at the upper canopy was 41.8% higher than that at the lower canopy. Our results indicated that walnut trees resist drought by increasing Huber value and decreasing leaf area to maintain stable photosynthesis, but the hydraulic restriction caused by increasing canopy height will aggravate the drought stress of plants, resulting in an increase in the no kernel or deflated kernel rate.

Key words: ‘Wen 185’ walnut, drought stress, no kernel or deflated kernel rate, soluble sugar, gas exchange, canopy.

陈图强, 徐贵青, 陈家祯, 刘深思, 李金瑶, 虎海防. 不同灌水量对核桃树生理、生长和果实品质的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(11): 2578-2587.

CHEN Tuqiang, XU Guiqing CHEN Jiazhen, LIU Shensi, LI Jinyao, HU Haifang. Effects of different water supply amounts on physiology, growth, and fruit quality of walnut trees.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(11): 2578-2587.

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不同灌水量对核桃树生理、生长和果实品质的影响

Effects of different water supply amounts on physiology, growth, and fruit quality of walnut trees.

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