长江下游干流虾类群落多样性时空特征

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202306.021

生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 1434-1442.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202306.021

长江下游干流虾类群落多样性时空特征

赵星^1，2,王银平¹,刘思磊¹,李佩杰¹,刘凯^1,2*

(¹中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心，农业农村部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室，江苏无锡 214081； ²上海海洋大学，水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心，上海 201306)

出版日期:2023-06-10 发布日期:2023-06-05

Spatial and temporal variations of shrimp community diversity at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

ZHAO Xing^1，2, WANG Yinping¹, LIU Silei¹, LI Peijie¹, LIU Kai^1,2*

(¹Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China; ²National Demonstration Center for Experimental Station Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China).

Online:2023-06-10 Published:2023-06-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解长江下游干流虾类群落多样性的时空特征，于2020年9月—2021年8月开展周年季节调查。本调查共采集虾类10种，隶属于3科6属，数量及重量分别为34922尾、62.57 kg，其中沼虾属种类最多为5种，其他5属种类数均为1种，采集到罗氏沼虾和克氏原螯虾2种外来种。长江下游干流虾类群落呈现明显的时空特征，安庆江段采集种类数为10种，数量及重量分别为17815尾、32.55 kg，均显著高于当涂、镇江、常熟江段(P<0.05)，不同江段间丰富度指数(D)差异不显著(P>0.05)，但多样性(H)和均匀度(E)指数存在显著差异(P<0.05)；夏季采集种类数为9种，数量及重量分别为15748尾、26.23 kg，均显著高于春季、秋季和冬季(P<0.05)，春季均匀度指数(E)显著高于秋季(P<0.05)，但不同季节间多样性(H)和丰富度(D)指数无显著差异(P>0.05)；聚类分析表明，在空间和时间上，相似性最低的虾类群落分别位于常熟江段和冬季；安庆、镇江江段虾类群落丰度/生物量曲线发生交叉，表明受到的扰动程度较高，当涂和常熟江段虾类群落受到扰动程度则较轻。长江下游干流虾类群落多样性水平总体偏低，群落受到一定程度的扰动，虾类群落的动态变化及保护措施应加以关注。

关键词: 长江下游, 虾类, 多样性, 群落结构, 时空特征

Abstract: To explore the spatiotemporal variations of shrimp community diversity at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, we investigated seasonal variations of shrimp community from September 2020 to August 2021. We collected 62.57 kg and 34922 individuals of shrimps, belonging to 10 species, 6 genera and 3 families. Macrobrachium was the dominant genus, containing 5 species, whereas the other five genera contained only one species each. Among them, there were two exotic species, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Procambarus clarkii. A significant difference of shrimp community was observed among seasons and sites. Species number, quantity, and weight of shrimp in Anqing section were 10, 17815 individuals, and 32.55 kg, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the other sections (P<0.05). There was no significant difference of richness index among different sections (P>0.05), but differences of diversity index and evenness index among different sections (P<0.05). Species number, quantity, and weight of shrimp in summer were 9, 15748 individuals, and 26.23 kg, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the other seasons (P<0.05). Evenness index in spring was significantly higher than that in the other seasons (P<0.05), while there was no difference in diversity index and richness index among seasons. According to cluster analysis, the lowest shrimp community similarity was observed in Changshu section and in winter, respectively. The abundance/biomass curves of shrimp communities in Anqing and Zhenjiang sections crossed, indicating that these two sections were severely disturbed, while Dangtu and Changshu sections were hardly disturbed. In general, shrimp diversity was relatively low at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the community was disturbed to a certain extent. Attention should thus be paid to the dynamics and protection measures of the shrimp community.

Key words: lower reaches of the Yangtze River, shrimp, diversity, community structure, spatiotemporal characteristics.

赵星, 王银平, 刘思磊, 李佩杰, 刘凯. 长江下游干流虾类群落多样性时空特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(6): 1434-1442.

ZHAO Xing, WANG Yinping, LIU Silei, LI Peijie, LIU Kai. Spatial and temporal variations of shrimp community diversity at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(6): 1434-1442.

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长江下游干流虾类群落多样性时空特征

Spatial and temporal variations of shrimp community diversity at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

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