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生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 1677-1686.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202106.032

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤类型与施氮水平耦合对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响

马军,徐田,叶迎,赵考诚,林奕呈,沙琳贤,朱涛,庄恒扬*     

  1. (扬州大学农学院, 江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点, 江苏扬州 225000)
  • 出版日期:2021-06-10 发布日期:2021-12-10

Effects of coupling of soil type and nitrogen application level on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

MA Jun, XU Tian, YE Ying, ZHAO Kao-cheng, LIN Yi-cheng, SHA Lin-xian, ZHU Tao, ZHUANG Heng-yang*   

  1. (Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China).
  • Online:2021-06-10 Published:2021-12-10

摘要: 以‘南粳9108’、‘扬粳4227’、‘镇稻18号’和‘南粳46’为试验材料,研究了黄黏土、砂壤土两种土壤下不同施氮量处理(0、180、270、360 kg N·hm-2,分别以N0、N1、N2、N3表示)对水稻产量与氮素利用率的影响。结果表明:黄黏土下除‘镇稻18号’的N2处理,其余各品种各施氮处理的产量均显著大于砂壤土,其中黄黏土下‘南粳9108’各施氮处理比砂壤土增产23.1%~87.4%,‘扬粳4227’各施氮处理比砂壤土增产12.2%~39.8%,‘镇稻18号’各施氮处理比砂壤土增产-1%~34.7%,‘南粳46’各施氮处理比砂壤土增产2.2%~20.9%;黄黏土下各品种水稻的穗数、结实率较高,而砂壤土每穗粒数较高;土壤类型以及土壤类型与施氮量的互作效应对不同品种水稻产量及产量构成因素有显著或极显著影响;砂壤土下各品种施氮后的增产效果均显著高于黄黏土;两种土壤下各品种氮素利用效率随施氮量的增加而下降,其中各品种在砂壤土下的氮素农学利用率均高于黄黏土;土壤类型对氮素农学利用率有极显著影响,土壤类型与氮素水平的互作效应对氮素表观利用率有显著影响。

关键词: 水稻, 黄黏土, 砂壤土, 施氮水平, 产量, 氮素利用率

Abstract: To clarify the effects of soil type and nitrogen (N) application level on rice yield and N use efficiency, we conducted a field experiment with four N application levels (N0 (0 kg N·hm-2), N1 (180 kg N·hm-2), N2 (270 kg N·hm-2) and N3 (360 kg N·hm-2)) under yellow clay and sandy loam soils with rice cultivars ‘Nanjing 9108’, ‘Yangjing 4227’, ‘Zhendao 18’ and ‘Nanjing 46’ as experiment materials. The results showed that, except for the N2 treatment of ‘Zhendao 18’, the yields of the other varieties under all N treatments under the yellow clay were significantly higher than that under the sandy loam. The yields of ‘Nanjing 9108’, ‘Yangjing 4227’, ‘Zhendao 18’ and ‘Nanjing 46’ under the yellow clay soil were 23.1%-87.4%, 12.2%-39.8%, -1% to 34.7% and 2.2%-20.9% higher compared with the yields under the sandy loam soil, respectively. The number of panicles and seed setting rate of all ricevarieties were higher under the yellow clay soil, while the number of grains per panicle was higher in sandy loam soil. Soil type and its interaction with N application level significantly affected rice yields and yield components. The positive effects of N addition on yield were stronger in sandy loam soil than that in yellow clay soil. Nitrogen use efficiency was decreased with increasing N fertilizer application level, while the lower agronomic utilization of N was found in yellow clay soil for all rice varieties. Soil type had a significant effect on the agronomic utilization of N, while soil type and N level interacted to affect N apparent utilization.

Key words: rice, yellow clay soil, sandy loam soil, nitrogen application level, yield, nitrogen use efficiency.