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生态学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 3668-3675.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202011.028

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

地膜厚度对花生生长发育和氮素积累的影响

张俊,郝西,臧秀旺,刘娟,张曼,汤丰收*,董文召,刘华   

  1. (河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业部黄淮海油料作物重点实验室/河南省油料作物遗传改良重点实验室/国家油料作物改良中心河南花生分中心/花生遗传改良国家地方联合工程实验室, 郑州 450002)
  • 出版日期:2020-11-11 发布日期:2021-05-10

Effects of film thickness on growth and nitrogen accumulation of peanut.

ZHANG Jun, HAO Xi, ZANG Xiu-wang, LIU Juan, ZHANG Man, TANG Feng-shou*, DONG Wen-zhao, LIU Hua#br#   

  1. (Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, National Center for Peanut Improvement, Henan Peanut Subcenter, National and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory for Peanut Genetic Improvement, Zhengzhou 450002, China).
  • Online:2020-11-11 Published:2021-05-10

摘要: 选用不同厚度地膜为试验对象,通过田间试验,研究不同厚度地膜覆盖对地温、花生养分吸收、生殖生长及产量品质的影响。结果表明:新标准厚度地膜(0.01 mm)可有效提高地温,与生产上常用的0.004和0.006 mm厚度地膜相比,日平均地温可提高2.24和1.44 ℃,积温可提高196.90和305.05 ℃,与露地播种相比,日平均地温及积温可提高4.03、547.97 ℃;地膜厚度的增加,还有助于加快花生生育进程,0.01 mm厚度地膜比不覆膜可使花生提前顶土2天,提前3天进入盛花期,提前2天现针;随地膜厚度的增加,果针数、结果数、荚果体积、产量均有所增加,其中0.01 mm地膜处理较不覆膜可增加果针数54.44%、增加荚果体积121.65%,提高产量31.09%;厚地膜有利于植株氮素的积累,对提高养分利用有较好的促进作用,但在一定程度上增加成本,且对播种质量要求更高。

关键词: 地膜厚度, 花生, 出苗, 生殖生长, 产量

Abstract: To clarify the effects of new standard thickness of film (0.01 mm) on the growth and development of peanut, we compared the effects of different film thickness on soil temperature, nutrient uptake, reproductive growth, yield and quality of peanut in a field experiment. The results showed that the new standard film could increase ground temperature. Compared with the commonly used film thickness of 0.004 and 0.006 mm, the new standard film increased the daily average ground temperature by 2.24 and 1.44 ℃, and the accumulated temperature by 196.90 and 305.05 ℃, respectively. Compared with nonmulching sowing, the new standard film increased daily average ground temperature and accumulated temperature by 4.03 and 547.97 ℃, respectively. The enhancement of film thickness increased the growth process of peanut compared with no mulching, in that 0.01 mm film mulching advanced seedling emergence for 2 days, full-bloom stage for 3 days, and emergence of fruit needles for 2 days. The number of fruit needles, the number of pods, the volume of pods, and the yield significantly were enhanced with the increased mulching thickness. Compared with no mulching, 0.01 mm mulching increased the number of fruit needles, pod volume and yield by 54.44%, 121.65%, and 31.09%, respectively. The thick film was beneficial to nitrogen accumulation and nutrient utilization. However, it will increase the cost to certain extent and has higher requirements on sowing quality.

Key words: film thickness, peanut, emergence, reproductive growth, yield.