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黄渤海滨海湿地植被类型、生物量及其与土壤环境因子的关系

常雄凯1,曾辉1,刘淼2*   

  1. 1北京大学城市规划与设计学院, 广东深圳 518055;2中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室, 沈阳 110016) 
  • 出版日期:2018-11-10 发布日期:2018-11-10

Relationships among vegetation types, biomass and soil environmental factors in the wetlands of Yellow Sea and Bohai coastal areas.

CHANG Xiong-kai1, ZENG Hui1, LIU Miao2*   

  1. (1School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; 2Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China).
  • Online:2018-11-10 Published:2018-11-10

摘要: 理解湿地植被类型、生物量与环境因素间的关系,是湿地植被恢复的基础。本文在野外调查的基础上,采用TWINSPAN对黄渤海滨海湿地进行类型划分,利用冗余度分析来确定影响研究区湿地类型分布和生物量差异的环境因素,以期为湿地的恢复提供科学依据。结果表明:黄渤海滨海湿地可以划分为11种类型;土壤电导率和土壤总碳对黄渤海滨海湿地类型的分布有显著影响;湿地具有较高的生物量,其中,互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)群落的生物量最高(48512 kg·hm-2),盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)和柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)群落的生物量较高,均超过5000 kg·hm-2,其他类型的生物量较低,小于5000 kg·hm-2;影响研究区湿地类型生物量的主要因素为土壤有机碳和总氮含量。在气候变暖、氮沉降增加情况下,滨海湿地生物量将进一步增加,滨海湿地具有很大的固碳潜力。因此,加强研究区湿地的保护和退化湿地的生态恢复,是增加滨海湿地碳汇和应对气候变化的有效途径。

关键词: 二元覆盖, 土壤储水量, 低耗水生育期, 土壤水分竞争, 旱作苹果园

Abstract: Understanding the relationships among wetland types, biomass and environmental factors is fundamental for wetland vegetation restoration. Based on field investigation in coastal areas of Yellow Sea and Bohai, TWINSPAN was used to categorize wetland types, and redundancy analysis was used to determine the major environmental factors affecting the spatial distribution and biomass variation of wetland types, aiming to provide scientific basis for wetland restoration. Results showed that wetland vegetation in coastal areas of Yellow Sea and Bohai could be classified into eleven types. Soil total carbon content and electrical conductivity significantly influenced the spatial distribution of wetland types. The wetlands in coastal areas of yellow Sea and Bohai had high biomass, with the highest (48512 kg·hm-2) occurring in Spartina alternifloracommunity, followed by Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis, and Tamarix chinensis communities(>5000kg·hm-2), and the lower (<5000 kg·hm-2) in other communities. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents were the major factors influencing the spatial variation of wetland biomass. Under climatic warming and increased nitrogen deposition, the biomass of wetland vegetation can be enhanced. Therefore, it is an effective way to strengthen wetland conservation and to restore the degraded wetland ecosystems for enhancing coastal wetland carbon sink and coping with climatic change.

Key words: binary coverage, soil water storage, low-water-consumption period, soil water competition, dryland apple orchard