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朝鲜越桔的解剖结构及其环境适应性

张敏1,王贺新1,2*,徐国辉1,2,娄鑫1,2,赵丽娜1,闫东玲1   

  1. 1大连大学生命科学与技术学院, 辽宁大连 116622;2大连大学现代农业研究院, 辽宁大连 116622)
  • 出版日期:2018-09-10 发布日期:2018-09-10

Anatomical structure and environmental adaptability of Vaccinium hirtum Thunb. var.koreanum (Nakai) Kitamura.

ZHANG Min1, WANG He-xin1,2*, XU Guo-hui1,2, LOU Xin1,2, ZHAO Li-na1, YAN Dong-ling1   

  1. (1College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning, China; 2Institute of Modern Agriculture Research, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning, China).
  • Online:2018-09-10 Published:2018-09-10

摘要: 朝鲜越桔(Vaccinium hirtumThunb. var.koreanum (Nakai) Kitamura)是辽宁省珍稀濒危保护植物,主要分布于长白山脉南端,生长于中高山顶部光照充足的岩石缝隙及峭壁之上,具有适应山顶部瘠薄、干旱、寒冷以及强风等极端环境的特征。然而,关于朝鲜越桔解剖结构及抗性的研究尚未见报道。本文通过石蜡切片法对朝鲜越桔的根、茎、叶进行解剖结构的观察,揭示其解剖结构与环境适应性之间的关系。结果表明,朝鲜越桔多年生侧根的输导组织发达,毛细根的表皮及皮层细胞体积较大,内皮层细胞中存在着大量的固体状内含物,且毛细根中具有大量的杜鹃花类菌根菌、深色有隔内生菌及丛枝菌根菌,这些特征有利于其根系对于水分和营养物质的吸收。茎部解剖显示,一年生茎的表皮外侧具有较厚的角质层(10.74±0.89) μm,皮层厚壁细胞和髓细胞中具有大量的固状内含物,表皮内侧皮层中具有特殊的气腔结构,其厚度占茎半径的30%,这些特征将提高植株的保水性和耐低温的能力;另外,茎部韧皮组织发达,有利于水分和养分的输送。叶部结构特征显示,叶片上表面及下表面均覆盖了一层较厚角质膜,分别为(2.06±0.75)、(2.04±0.73) μm,叶脉的韧皮组织发达,这将有利于提高其耐旱及吸水性能。综合分析认为,朝鲜越桔的解剖结构反映其具有耐旱、耐寒、抗风及保水的特性,是其能够适生于辽东地区山顶部恶劣生境的重要原因之一。

关键词: 钙镁磷肥, 生石灰, 酸化土壤, 川党参, 改良

Abstract: Vaccinium hirtumThunb. var. koreanum (Nakai) Kitamura is a rare and protected plant species in China. It is mainly distributed in the southern part of the Changbai Mountains and grows in cliffs or the place between rocks where there is sufficient sunshine but with theextreme environment such as barren and dry land with cold and strong wind in winter. We know little about the anatomy and resistance of V. hirtumvar.koreanum. In this study, the conventional paraffin section was used to observe anatomical structure of roots, stems and leaves of V. hirtum var.koreanum, aiming to reveal the relationship between anatomical structure and environmental adaptability. The results showed that the conducting tissue of perennial lateral roots in V. hirtumvar.koreanum was well developed. The epidermis and cortical cells of capillary roots were bulky. There were abundant solid inclusions in endothelial cells. In addition, a large number of mycorrhizal fungi such as ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, dark septate endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were found in the capillary roots. These features would help roots absorb moisture and nutrients. There was a thick stratum corneum \[(10.74±0.89) μm\] on the surface of one-year stem. There were a large amount of solid inclusions in both cortical thick-walled cells and pith cells. The cortex had a special air cavity structure, whose thickness accounted for 30% of theradius of the stem. These characters are helpful for plants to improve their water retention and adaptationto low temperature. The phloem tissue in stem was well developed, which facilitates the transport of water and nutrients. Furthermore, the upper and lower surfaces of leaves were covered with a thick cuticle \[(2.06±0.75), (2.04±0.73) μm, respectively\], and the phloem tissue of the veins was well developed, which would be beneficial to drought tolerance and water absorption. In conclusion, the anatomical structure of V. hirtumvar.koreanum helps toexplain why it can survive in drought, cold, windy, hostile environment at the top of mountain in eastern Liaoning.

Key words: calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, Codonopsis tang-shen, acidified soil., improvement, quicklime