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水土盐度与有机污染物对稻苗生长的交互影响

邵玉飞1,2,马建2*,陈欣2,靳文凯2,于海波2,袁磊2   

  1. (1辽宁大学环境学院, 沈阳 110036;2中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016)
  • 出版日期:2018-08-10 发布日期:2018-08-10

Interactive influence of salinity and organic pollutants in soil and irrigation water on the growth of rice seedlings.

SHAO Yu-fei1,2, MA Jian2*, CHEN Xin2, JIN Wen-kai2, YU Hai-bo2, YUAN Lei2   

  1. (1School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; 2Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China).
  • Online:2018-08-10 Published:2018-08-10

摘要: 2017年,抚顺市望花区五老村部分水稻田,利用盐度和有机污染物指标不佳的杨柏河水灌溉后水稻秧苗出现不同程度的萎蔫问题。针对这一现象,本研究开展原位和模拟试验,以期揭示水土盐度和有机物对水稻幼苗生长的交互影响。原位测定显示,当地灌溉水(杨柏河水)和耕作(萎蔫田块)土壤的盐分超标,部分地块重金属汞和多环芳烃含量也超出相关农业标准。耕作土壤和灌溉水为变量的交叉模拟试验结果表明:利用萎蔫田块土壤插秧,灌溉自来水、模拟盐水、杨柏河水时水稻萎蔫率分别为0.67%、79.3%、89.7%;而利用周边未污染水稻田土壤插秧,相应的水稻萎蔫率分别为0、34.7%、42.3%。模拟盐水与杨柏河水的区别在于有机类污染物的含量;多环芳烃含量是两种试验土壤除全盐量外的主要差异。由此推断:长期低浓度含盐污水灌溉促使受灾田块耕作土壤盐分累积,在此条件下高盐度(0.35%)水灌溉,迅速提高土壤盐度至盐渍化水平(0.25%~0.58%),是水稻幼苗萎蔫的主要原因;而灌溉水中有机类污染物在表土中的累积与盐分对水稻幼苗产生共同胁迫,进一步加剧水稻萎蔫。

关键词: 青藏高原, GEOMOD模型, 湖泊面积动态, 空间格局

Abstract: Rice seedlings in some paddy fields of Wulao Village, Wanghua District, Fushun City in the spring of 2017 wilted after irrigation with water from Yangbai River. In situ investigation of soil and irrigation water regarding salinity, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals was conducted, followed by experiment with factorial treatments of soil and irrigation water, to reveal the impacts of salinity and organic pollutants from soil and water on the growth of rice seedlings. The results showed that salinity of water and paddy soil exceeded the level of agricultural standard. The concentrations of heavy metal Hg and PAHs in some fields were higher than the standard level of agricultural land, which partially accounted for the rice wilting. Results from the crosssimulation experiment showed that the wilting rate of rice seedlings in contaminated field soil irrigated with water from Yangbai River, artificial saline water or tap water was 89.7%, 79.3% and 0.67%, respectively. In contrast, the wilting rate of seedlings in uncontaminated field soil irrigated with Yangbai River water, artificial saline water and tap water was lower, with wilting rate of 42.3%, 34.7% and 0% respectively. Organic contaminants discriminated the Yangbai River water and artificial saline water under the same salinity, and PAHs and salinity were the main indicators discriminating the contaminated and normal soil in study area. Our results indicated that salinity of paddy field soil was relatively high after longterm irrigation with lesssalty water from Yangbai River, but quickly increased to the unfavorable range of 0.25%-0.58% after a sudden rise in salinity of irrigation water (0.35%), leading to the wilting of rice seedlings. Organic contaminants (PAHs) accumulated in the topsoil further aggravated the wilting of rice seedlings under excess salinity in water and paddy soil.

Key words: dynamics of lake area, spatial pattern, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, GEOMOD model