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贵州织金县贯城河上游煤矿区富硒高镉土壤重金属的分布特征及生态风险评价

杨艳1,4,吴攀2*,李学先2,查学芳3   

  1. 1贵州大学土木工程学院, 贵阳 550025;2贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 贵阳 550025; 3贵州大学喀斯特环境与地质灾害防治重点实验室, 贵阳 550025; 4中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室, 武汉 430074)
  • 出版日期:2018-06-10 发布日期:2018-06-10

Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in selenium-rich soil with high cadmium content of coal mining area in upper reaches of Guancheng River in Zhijin County, Guizhou.

YANG Yan1,4, WU Pan2*, LI Xue-xian2, ZHA Xue-fang3   

  1. (1College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 2College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 3Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geological Calamities, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 4State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China).
  • Online:2018-06-10 Published:2018-06-10

摘要: 通过对贵州省织金县贯城河上游煤矿区煤(矸石)、周边土壤Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、As和Se含量进行测定,分析了煤(矸石)、土壤重金属及Se的含量特征,探讨了土壤重金属元素的来源,运用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数、地积累指数和潜在生态风险指数4种方法评价了土壤重金属污染程度及潜在生态风险。结果表明:(1)煤(矸石)中Cr、Se、Pb含量均高于世界煤的平均含量,Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd含量均高于世界和中国煤的平均含量。(2)除Pb外,土壤样品中Cd、Ni、Cu、Cr、Zn、As、Se含量较高,其平均含量均高于贵州省土壤背景值,尤其以Se、Cd和Cu突出。(3)研究区土壤具有富硒高镉、局部酸化的特点,土壤Cd、Se、Cr、Ni和Zn的来源具有一定共性,这与长期的采煤活动有关。(4)研究区土壤重金属的单因子污染指数排序为:Cd>Cu>Ni>Zn>Cr>As>Pb,土壤重金属综合污染处于重度污染水平;土壤Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Pb的环境风险等级属于轻微级别,Cd的环境风险程度总体上处于很强级别;4种方法的评价结果基本一致,Cd的单因子污染指数最大、地积累指数最高、污染情况和潜在生态危害程度最严重,对潜在生态风险指数贡献最大。

关键词: 生态位模型, 药用植物资源, 生物气候特征, 地理分布, 滇龙胆草

Abstract: We investigated the contents of heavy metals, including Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As and Se, in coal (coal gangue) and soil around coal mining area in the upper reaches of Guancheng River in Zhijin County, Guizhou, and analyzed their potential sources. The status of soil contamination by heavy metals and potential risks were evaluated by single-factor pollution index, Nemerow multi-factor index, geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed that contents of Cr, Se and Pb in coal (coal gangue) were higher than the global mean value in the coal. The contents of Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd were higher than global and national mean values, respectively. Except Pb, the average contents of Cd, Se, Cr, Zn, As, Cu in soil were higher than soil background values of in Guizhou, especially for Cd, Se and Cu. Soils in the study area were characterized by rich selenium (or excessive amounts of selenium) and high content of cadmium, with the occurrence of acidification. The sources of Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn and Se in soils were similar, which was related with coal mining activities. The evaluation results of singlefactor pollution index showed that the order of pollution of heavy metals in soil was Cd>Cu>Ni>Zn>Cr>As>Pb, and the comprehensive pollution of heavy metals in soils was at severe pollution level. Environmental risks of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb in soils were slight, but environmental risk of Cd was high. The results of four evaluation methods were similar. The single-factor pollution index and geoaccumulation index for Cd were the highest. Meanwhile, the pollution level and potential ecological harm of Cd were the highest. Therefore, Cd made the greatest contribution to the potential ecological risk index.

Key words: Gentiana rigescens, bioclimatic characteristics, ecological niche model., geographical distribution, medicinal plant resources