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流域“三生空间”功能识别及时空格局分析——以甘肃白龙江流域为例

柳冬青,马学成,巩杰*,李红瑛   

  1. (兰州大学资源环境学院/西部环境教育部重点实验室, 兰州 730000)
  • 出版日期:2018-05-10 发布日期:2018-05-10

Functional identification and spatiotemporal pattern analysis of production living ecological space in watershed scale: A case study of Bailongjiang Watershed in Gansu.

LIU Dong-qing, MA Xue-cheng, GONG Jie*, LI Hong-ying   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education)/College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China).
  • Online:2018-05-10 Published:2018-05-10

摘要: 基于“三生空间”视角,构建了“生产、生活适宜性和生态重要性”三生功能空间评价体系,揭示了1990—2014年甘肃白龙江流域三生功能空间格局及其变化特征。结果表明:(1)强生产功能空间主要集中在宕昌舟曲武都段白龙江两岸、白水江两岸及文县中东部等人口密集区;大致以宕昌舟曲武都段白龙江为界,东部为半生产功能空间,西部为弱生产功能空间。强生产、半生产功能空间的面积分别退缩了2434.54和294.07 km2,弱生产功能空间面积扩张了2728.62 km2。1990—2002年变化格局较为破碎,无明显块状集聚区;2002—2014年强化区集中于迭部西北部,弱化区分布于流域中下游。(2)生活功能空间与生产功能空间格局相似。强生活功能空间面积增加了119.32 km2,半生活功能空间面积在波动中减少了508.23 km2,弱生活功能空间则在波动中增加了388.90 km2。其格局变化主要集中在宕昌-舟曲-武都段白龙江两岸及文县大部分区域,1990—2002年以强化为主,2002—2014年相对弱化。(3)生态功能空间整体呈现出“流域西北部和东南部强、中西部次之、东部最弱”的格局。强生态功能空间面积经骤降后剧增了3118.13 km2,半生态功能空间面积减少了508.23 km2,弱生态功能空间则在波动中减少了1566.08 km2。1990—2002年强化区主要位于流域西北角,弱化区集中于舟曲和迭部、武都交界区、武都南部和文县西南部;2002—2014年流域西北角功能退化,迭部和舟曲交界区、武都东南部功能得到改善。(4)毁林开荒和退耕还林还草过程导致的土地利用格局和生态系统服务功能变化是流域三生功能空间格局变化的重要原因。研究可为同类易灾型山地流域三生功能空间的识别提供参考。

Abstract: From a perspective of production-living-ecological (PLE) space, a functional space evaluation system of “production suitability, living suitability, and ecological importance” was constructed to understand the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of the PLE function of Bailongjiang Watershed in southern Gansu from 1990 to 2014. The results showed that: (1) The strong production functional spaces (SPFS) were mainly distributed in Tanchang-Zhouqu-Wudu section along both bank areas of Bailongjiang, both bank areas of Baishuijiang, and the central and eastern parts of Wenxian, which were characterized with high population density. They were roughly bounded by the Tanchang-Zhouqu-Wudu section of Bailongjiang, with the eastern parts being the semi-productive functional space (S-PFS) and the western being the weak production functional space (WPFS). The areas of the SPFS and S-PFS were shrunk by 2434.54 and 294.07 km2 respectively, while WPFS was expanded by 2728.62 km2. The pattern was relatively fragmented during 1990-2002, with no obvious patch gathering areas. The strengthened areas were concentrated in the northwestern part of Diebu during 2002-2014, while the weakened areas were located in the middle and lower reaches of the watershed. (2) The spatial pattern of the living functional space was similar to that of the functional space for production. The area of the strong living functional space was increased by 119.32 km2. With some fluctuations, the half living functional space was reduced by 508.23 km2 and the weak living functional space was increased by 388.90 km2. The changes of such pattern were mainly concentrated in the Tanchang-Zhouqu-Wudu section of both bank areas of Bailongjiang and the most area of Wenxian, being strengthened in 1990-2002, but weak in 2002-2014. (3) The ecological functional space was the strongest in the northwestern and southeastern parts, followed by middle part, and the weakest in west part of the watershed. The area of the strong ecological function space was increased by 3118.13 km2 after a sharp drop. The area of the semi-ecological function space was decreased by 508.23 km2. The area of the weak ecological function space was decreased by 1566.08 km2 in fluctuation. During 1990-2002, the strengthened areas were mainly located in the northwest corner of the watershed, and the weakened zones were concentrated in the junctional zones between Zhouqu and Diebu and between Zhouqu and Wudu, southern Wudu, and southwestern Wenxian. During 2002-2014, the function was degenerated in the northwest corner of the watershed, and improved in the junctional area of Diebu and Zhouqu, and the southeastern Wudu. (4) The changes of land use pattern and ecosystem services caused by deforestation and the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland were the major causes for the changes of spatial pattern of PLE space. Our results provided reference for the identification of PLE functional space in similar mountainous watersheds.