夏大豆干物质积累参数及产量对膜下滴灌量的响应

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为缓解农业用水紧张，解决复播夏大豆与春播作物的用水矛盾，探究膜下滴灌量对北疆夏大豆干物质积累的影响，以期为当地夏大豆高产节水栽培技术提供理论依据。以大豆品种“黑河45号”为试验材料，分别于2016、2017年进行大田试验，设置4200 (W₀)、3780 (W₁)、3360 (W₂)、2940 (W₃)、2520 (W₄)、2100 (W₅) m³·hm^-2 6个覆膜滴灌水平和未覆膜处理4200 m³·hm^-2 (CK)，研究膜下滴灌量对干物质积累与分配、干物质积累特性参数、产量及灌溉水利用效率的影响。结果表明：夏大豆单株干物质积累总量和各器官干物质积累量均随着滴灌量的增加呈现“先增后降”的变化趋势，表现为W₂>W₃>W₁>W₄>W₀>W₅≈CK；通过Logistic方程拟合，不同年份各处理的干物质积累特征参数均以W₂或W₃处理较优，且W₂和W₃处理之间无显著差异；适宜的滴灌量能显著增加各阶段干物质积累量和干物质积累平均速率，缩短干物质积累时间，加快生育进程；累积两年各处理产量的平均值以W₂处理最大，为3099.49 kg·hm^-2，较CK、W₀、W₁、W₃、W₄、W₅处理分别提高了26.14%、14.27%、7.23%、7.20%、20.40%、34.17%；在大豆生长发育及产量相当的情况下，覆膜条件比未覆膜条件最大限度可节约额定灌溉量50%；综合考虑认为，覆膜条件下，灌水量在2940~3360 m³·hm^-2为北疆夏大豆高产、节水的合理灌溉定额。

关键词: 油茶, 微根管, 品种, 细根

Abstract: To alleviate the shortage of agricultural water and solve the water contradiction between summer soybeans and spring sowing crops, we examined the effect of different amounts of drip irrigation under film on dry matter accumulation of summer soybean variety Heihe 45. The results from this study would provide theoretical basis for highyield and watersaving cultivation techniques of summer soybean. An experiment with six amounts of drip irrigation under mulch film: 4200 (W₀), 3780 (W₁), 3360 (W₂), 2940 (W₃), 2520 (W₄), 2100 (W₅) m³·hm^-2, and one no mulch treatment 4200 m³·hm^-2 (CK) were conducted in 2016 and 2017. We measured dry matter accumulation and distribution, dry matter accumulation characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of summer soybean. The results showed that, with increasing irrigation volume, the variation of dry matter accumulation on various organs and per plant were all increased firstly and then decreased, which displayed a pattern of W₂>W₃>W₁>W₄>W₀>W₅≈CK. By fitting the Logistic equation, the dry matter accumulation characteristics of W₂ or W₃ treatment was better than other treatments in different years, with no significant difference between W₂ and W₃ treatments. Appropriate amount of drip irrigation could significantly increase dry matter accumulation and average dry matter accumulation rate, shorten the dry matter accumulation time, and accelerate the growth process. The average of the two years’ yields was the highest in W₂ treatment, being 3099.49 kg·hm^-2, which was 26.14%, 14.27%, 7.23%,7.20%, 20.40% and 34.17% higher than that of CK, W₀, W₁, W₃, W₄ and W₅. In the case of equivalent growth and yield of soybean, the plastic mulching saved 50% of drip irrigation than no mulching treatment. Therefore, 2940-3360 m³·hm^-2 would be the appropriate drip irrigation quota under mulch film for high yield and water saving of summer soybean.

Key words: Camellia oleifera, minirhizotron, fine root, variety.

杜孝敬,符小文,安崇霄,张永杰,房彦飞,徐文修. 夏大豆干物质积累参数及产量对膜下滴灌量的响应[J]. 生态学杂志.

DU Xiao-jing, FU Xiao-wen, AN Chong-xiao, ZHANG Yong-jie, FANG Yan-fei, XU Wen-xiu. Response of dry matter accumulation parameters and yield of summer soybean to different amounts of drip irrigation under mulch film.[J]. cje.

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夏大豆干物质积累参数及产量对膜下滴灌量的响应

Response of dry matter accumulation parameters and yield of summer soybean to different amounts of drip irrigation under mulch film.

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