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生态学杂志

• 方法与技术 • 上一篇    

土地利用生态效率测度、时空异质性及优化配置

黄鑫1,程文仕1,焦利民2*   

  1. 1甘肃农业大学管理学院, 兰州 730070;2武汉大学资源与环境科学学院, 武汉 430079)
  • 出版日期:2018-12-10 发布日期:2018-12-10

Measurement and spatial heterogeneity of land use eco0efficiency and the optimal allocation of land resources.

HUANG Xin1, CHENG Wen-shi1, JIAO Li-min2*   

  1. (1College of Management, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China).
  • Online:2018-12-10 Published:2018-12-10

摘要: 土地利用生态效率反映土地利用经济活动产生的生态影响,是监测经济发展状态、实现生态成本控制的关键要素。以2005、2010、2015年中国31个省级行政单元为对象,基于数据包络分析方法,借助空间统计及灰靶模型,在明确土地利用生态效率内涵基础上,分析中国省级行政单元效率水平及变化状态,并对其空间分异格局及资源配置有效度和产出能效进行研究。结果表明:(1)中国土地利用生态效率水平除西藏外总体处于较低状态,呈现出西高东低、南北分异的空间分布格局。(2)中国省级土地利用生态效率具有显著的空间自相关性,局部范畴存在明显的“极化”特质,高高聚类在西北地区较为典型,低低聚类主要分布在广东、福建一线的东南沿海地区。(3)东部地区资源配置有效度低于西部,存在明显的投入过剩问题;2005—2015年,各地产出效能有显著提升,低值区域向京津冀、长三角和珠三角为中心的辐射面集聚。

关键词: 渭北旱塬, 产量, 冬小麦, 环境效益, 适宜施氮量

Abstract: The eco-efficiency of land use reflects the ecological impacts produced by economic activities of land use, which is a critical factor to monitor economic development and to achieve the control of ecological cost. On the basis of defining the connotation of the eco-efficiency of land use, we examined the efficiency situation, spatial differentiation, availability of resource allocation and output efficiency of 31 provincial administrative units in China in 2005, 2010, and 2015, based on C2R model of data envelopment analysis, spatial statistics analysis and grey target model. The results showed that the eco-efficiency of land use was generally low except Tibet Autonomous Region. The spatial distribution was basically high in the west and north and low in the east and south. There was a significant spatial autocorrelation of eco-efficiency of land use at the provincial level, with an obvious change in partial places. The northwestern part had high-high cluster, and a lowlow cluster was mainly distributed in southeast coasts of Guangdong and Fujian. The availability of resource allocation in the east part was lower than that in the west part, indicating an obvious input surplus in the east part. The output efficiency was significantlyincreased in China from 2005 to 2015, and the regions with low values were clustered to the radiating regions of BeijingTianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta as cores.

Key words: Weibei dryland, optimal N application rate, winter wheat, yield, environmental benefit