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疏勒河流域中下游LUCC及驱动力分析

齐敬辉1,牛叔文1**,马利邦2,王文蝶1   

  1. 1兰州大学资源环境学院, 兰州 730000; 2西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070)
  • 出版日期:2014-08-10 发布日期:2014-08-10

The characteristics and driving forces of LUCC in the middle and lower reaches of Shule River Basin.

QI Jing-hui1, NIU Shu-wen1**, MA Li-bang2, WANG Wen-die1   

  1. (1College of Earth and Environmental Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000, China)
  • Online:2014-08-10 Published:2014-08-10

摘要: 借助ArcGIS和ENVI软件,对疏勒河中下游1987、1996、2000、2006和2010年等5期TM遥感影像进行解译,并分9种类型研究其LUCC特征及成因,结果表明:近23年来,人工植被面积不断扩张,共增加900 km2,自然植被不断萎缩,共减少842.9 km2;耕地、灌木林地、城建用地面积净增,无植被区面积先增后减,其他地类面积净减;各地类间相互转换频繁,主要转换方向——草地由高、中、低覆盖度到无植被区依次转换,灌木林地的增加主要由中、低覆盖度草地转化而来,水域湿地主要转出为无植被区和低覆盖度草,耕地的扩张主要得益于无植被区和低覆盖度草地的减少,无植被区向耕地净转出,向低覆盖度草地净转入,城建用地的增加主要由耕地和无植被区转化而来,冰雪主要转出为无植被区;整个区域LUCC速度在1987—1996年间缓慢,1996—2010年间剧烈;灌溉区周边的植被覆盖有扩张的趋势,其他区域的植被处于退化状态;农业人口的急剧增长、大规模农业开发及移民政策是区域LUCC的主要原因,气温、降水和径流量等自然因素对其影响较小。

关键词: Vaganov-Shashkin模型, 树木年轮, 太白红杉, 气候要素

Abstract: With the support of ArcGIS and ENVI, five sets of TM remote sensing images of the middle and lower reaches of Shule River Basin in 1987, 1996, 2000, 2006, and 2010 were interpreted. Nine types of land use and land cover were obtained, and the characteristics and causes of the land use and land cover were analyzed. In the past 23 years, the area of artificial vegetation with an expanding trend (an increase of 900 km2 in total), while the natural vegetation showed a shrinking tendency (a decrease of 842.9 km2). Cropland, shrub land and urban construction land had a net increase in area; the area of non-vegetation land increased firstly and then decreased; and the others presented a net decrease. There were frequent conversions among the nine land use and land cover types, the main directions were that the high-coverage grassland was successively transformed into the grassland with medium coverage, low coverage and non-vegetation land; the increased shrub land was largely transformed from the grassland with medium and low coverage; the reduced wetland mainly changed into non-vegetation land or low-coverage grassland; the expansion of cropland primarily benefited from the decrease of non-vegetation land and low-coverage grassland; the non-vegetation land had a net decrease in the mutual conversion with the crop land, whereas had a net increase with lowcoverage grass land; the increase of urban construction land was largely brought by the reduced cropland and non-vegetation land; the snowice land was mainly transformed into non-vegetation land after they melt. The rate of the landuse and landcover change was relatively slow from 1987 to 1996, but it was quite rapid during 1996-2010. The vegetation coverage around irrigational areas presented an expanding trend, while it was in a degraded state in other areas. The driving force analysis showed that the main causes of land use and land cover change were the rapid growth of agricultural population, large-scale agricultural development, and the immigration policy, while natural factors, such as temperature, precipitation and annual runoff, had little influence.

Key words: Vaganov-Shashkin model, climate factors, tree-ring, Larix chinensis