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基于景观生态学的鞍山市生态网络构建

张蕾1,苏里1,汪景宽1**,程铭2   

  1. 1沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院, 沈阳 110866; 2沈阳市规划设计研究院土地分院, 沈阳 110004)
  • 出版日期:2014-05-10 发布日期:2014-05-10

Establishment of ecological network based on landscape ecology in Anshan.

ZHANG Lei1, SU Li1, WANG Jing-kuan1**, CHENG Ming2   

  1. (1College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; 2Land Branch of the Shenyang Urban Planning Design & Research Institute, Shenyang 110004)
  • Online:2014-05-10 Published:2014-05-10

摘要: 城市化使得生境斑块日益破碎,连接性不断降低,严重威胁区域的生态环境,生态网络的构建为生态环境保护提供了良好的空间保障。针对辽宁省鞍山市的实际情况,选取有利于生物多样性保护、人文建设等生态功能节点,利用熵权法综合评价不同景观类型结构和功能对生态功能流的影响,在GIS技术支撑下,采用最小耗费距离模型进行潜在廊道模拟,基于重力模型和网络结构指数对生态网络结构进行定量分析。结果表明:最小路径生态网络的连接度和闭合度最高,而网络连接度和闭合度水平越高,对物质循环和能量流动越有利,其可作为最优构建的网络;环形生态网络是根据廊道的重要性构建的,成本较适中,综合生态学和经济学的相关原理,其可作为生态网络的核心框架;随着经济水平和人文环境要求的提高,可适当增加廊道数量,逐渐构建最小路径生态网络,改善生态斑块间的连接度,增加区域的可持续发展能力。本研究结果可为鞍山市生态景观建设提供科学依据与参考。

关键词: 降水事件, 氢氧稳定同位素, 土壤水分, 人工固沙植被区, 水分来源

Abstract:

Due to urbanization, habitat patches have become increasingly fragmented and the connectivity among them is gradually reducing. Changes in land use around these large patches seriously threaten regional environment. Ecological network building could provide an important function for the ecological environment. In this paper, ecological function nodes were selected to protect biodiversity, cultural construction and so on, according to the actual situation in Anshan, Liaoning Province. We comprehensively evaluated the impact of different landscapes’ structure and function on ecological function flow by the entropy weight method. Based on GIS, potential corridors were simulated by using the leastcost model. Ecological networks were built and analyzed based on the gravity model and network indices. Results show that the minimum path ecological network has the highest connectivity and highest closure. The higher connectivity and closure the ecological network has, the more favorable it is to the matter cycle and energy flux. The annular ecological network’s corridors are selected based on the importance of the corridors and its cost is moderate. Therefore, the annular ecological network is the core framework of ecological networks, based on the principles of ecology and economics. With the gradual improvement of economic and human environment requirements, it is appropriate to increase the number of corridors to build the minimum path ecological network which could improve connections between habitat patches and enhance the ability of sustainable development. This study can provide a scientific basis for the ecological landscape construction in Anshan.
 

Key words: soil moisture, water sources., artificial sand-fixation region, hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes, precipitation events