不同木材结构树干液流对比研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用热扩散法,对东北东部山区代表主要木材解剖构造的水曲柳和樟子松树干液流密度动态特征进行研究,并同步测定光合有效辐射、气温、空气相对湿度、风速、土温、土壤容积含水量等因子。结果表明,水曲柳和樟子松在生长季不同时期晴天的树干液流密度日进程一般为单峰型,水曲柳日最高液流峰值为430.53 cm³·cm^-2·h^-1,明显高于樟子松(142.43 cm³·cm^-2·h^-1)。晚上及凌晨液流量占全天比例在生长季结束后,明显增加,其他时期低于20%,说明水曲柳和樟子松存在根压。水曲柳和樟子松树干液流密度变化呈单峰曲线,平均液流密度分别为12.26、6.49 cm³·cm^-2·h^-1。影响树干液流密度日变化的主导因子为光合有效辐射和水汽压亏缺,二者对主导因子敏感度相当。

关键词: 土壤肥力, 主成分, 土地利用方式, 喀斯特

Abstract: By the method of thermal dissipation,this paper studied the dynamic characteristics of the stem sap flow of Fraxinus mandshurica and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica,the two major classes of wood anatomy,non-porous(coniferous) and ring-porous,at the Forest Ecosystem Research Station of Maoershan Mountain during growth season.Air temperature and relative humidity,soil moisture,and soil temperature were also measured.The results showed that on sunny days,the diurnal variation of sap flow density presented mono-peak pattern,mostly occurred from 9 AM to 14 PM.The maximum sap flow density was three times greater in F.mandshurica than in P.sylvestris var.mongolica.The ratio of sap flow quantity at nighttime to those in whole day was less than 20%,except in later autumn,indicating the effect of root pressure.After all leaves fallen till mid-October,there still existed sap flow.The seasonal average sap flow density was 48% higher in F.mandshurica than in P.sylvestris var.mongolica.Effective photosynthetic radiation and deficient vapor pressure were the dominant environmental variables affecting the diurnal variation of sap flow density on sunny days.

Key words: soil fertility, principal component, land use pattern, karst.

中图分类号:

Q948
S718.5

孙慧珍, 李夷平, 王翠, 周晓峰. 不同木材结构树干液流对比研究[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, (12): 1434-1439.

SUN Huizhen, LI Yiping, WANG Cui, ZHOU Xiaofeng. Comparative study on stem sap flow of non-and ring-porous tree species[J]. cje, 2005, (12): 1434-1439.

参考文献

[1] 刘奉觉,郑世锴,巨关升,等.1993.杨树树干液流时空动态研究[J].林业科学研究,6(4):368～372.
[2] 孙鹏森,马履一,王小平,等.2000.油松树干液流的时空变异性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,22(5):1～6.
[3] 成俊卿.1985.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社.
[4] 严昌荣,Alec D,韩兴国,等.1999.北京山区落叶阔叶林中核桃楸在生长中期的树干液流研究[J].生态学报,19(6):793～797.
[5] 李海涛,陈灵芝.1998.应用热脉冲技术对棘皮桦和五角枫树干液流的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,20(1):1～6.
[6] 周晓峰,王义弘,赵惠勋.1981.几个主要用材树种的生长节律(一)[J].东北林学院学报,2(6):49～58.
[7] 拉夏埃尔(李博等译).1980.植物生理生态学[M].北京:科学出版社.
[8] 祝宁,江洪,金永岩.1990.中国东北天然次生林主要树种的物候研究[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,14(4):336～351.
[9] Barrett DJ, Hatton TJ, Ash JE, et al. 1996. Transpiration by trees from contrasting forest types[J ]. Aust. J. Bot., 44: 249 ～263.
[10] Cermak J, Hzulak J, Penka M. 1980. Water potential and sap flow rate in adult trees with moist and dry soil as used for the assessment of root system depth [J]. Biol. Plant, 22:34～41.
[11] Cermak J, Ulehla J, Kucera J, et al.1982. Sap flow rate and transpiration dynamics in the full-grow oak ( Quercus robur L. ) in floodplain forest exposed to seasonal floods as related to potential evapotranspiration and tree dimensions [J]. Biol. Plant (Praha), 24:446～460.
[12] Cohen Y, Adar E, Dody A, et al. 1997. Underground water use by Eucalyptus trees in an arid climate [J]. Trees, 11: 356～362.
[13] Granier A. 1985.A new method for measure sap flow[J]. Ann.Sci. For., 42:193 ～ 200.
[14] Granier A, Claustres JP. 1989. Water relations of a Norway spruce (Picea abies) tree growing in natural condition: Variation within the tree[J]. Acta Oecol., 10(3) :295～310.
[15] Granier A, Huc R, Colin F. 1992. Transpiration and stomatal conductance of two rain forest species growing in plantations (Somarouba amara and Goupia glabra ) in French Guyana[J].Ann. Sci. For., 49(1): 17～24.
[16] Granier A, Huc R, Barigah ST. 1996. Transpiration of natural rain forest and its dependence on climatic factors[J ]. Agric. For. Meteorol. ,78: 19～29.
[17] Ham JM, Heilman JL. 1990. Measurement of mass flow rate of sap in Ligustrum japonicum [ J ]. Hort Sci., 25: 465～ 467.
[18] Hinckley TM, Brooks JR, Cermak J, et al. 1994. Water flux in a hybrid poplar stand[J]. Tree Physiol., 14:1005～ 1018.
[19] Martin TA. 2000. Winter season tree sap flow and stand transpiration in an intensively-managed loblolly and slash pine plantation [J]. J. Sust. For., 10(1/2): 155～ 163.
[20] Misra RK, Sands R. 1992. A comparison of sap flux and water relations of leaves of various isolated trees with special reference to foundation movement in clay soil[ J ]. Plant Soil, 140(2) :269～278.
[21] Stan DW, Hanson PJ, Todd DE. 2001. Transpiration from a multi-species deciduous forest as estimated by xylem sap flow techniques[J]. For. Ecol. Manage., 143:205～213.
[22] Teskey RO, Sheriff DW. 1996. Water use by Pinus radiata trees in a plantation[J]. Tree Physiol., 16:273～279.