小麦籽粒蛋白质组分的生态变异及与植株氮转化的关系研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 小麦籽粒蛋白质和蛋白质组分含量决定了小麦面团流变学特性和加工品质、籽粒蛋白质组分的形成与植株氮素吸收利用密切相关,且蛋白质组分的合成有一定的顺序性.对不同生态区的小麦籽粒蛋白质组分合成进行了研究.结果表明,蛋白质及组分含量存在明显的基因型差异,徐州点蛋白质和谷蛋白含量显著大于南京点;花期氮素积累量和花后氮素转运量徐州点显著大于南京点,而花后氮同化量南京点显著大于徐州点;清蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量与籽粒蛋白质含量呈显著正相关,与花后植株氮素转运量呈显著正相关.不同生态点小麦花后发育速率模式基本一致,但南京点发育进程迟于徐州点;在籽粒形成期和灌浆后期,南京点的发育速率较快,降低了清蛋白和谷蛋白的合成,导致南京点籽粒蛋白质含量降低.

关键词: 蒸腾量, 农林复合系统, 影响因子

Abstract: Wheat grain protein and protein components play a key role on grain-processing quality such as dough rheology and food cooking.The formations of protein components are in sequence and closely related to N accumulation and translocation after anthesis in wheat.Three wheat cultivars differing in grain protein contents grown at two different ecological sites were used to study the variations of protein and protein component contents.Significant genotype differences in protein and protein component contents were found among three wheat cultivars of the two eco-sites.There was a increase of crude protein content in wheat at Xuzhou signifiantly higher than that at Nanjing,which was resulted from the increase of albumin and glutenin contents.N accumulation and translocation after anthesis at Xuzhou were higher than that at Nanjing,while N assimilation after anthesis was higher at Nanjing than at Xuzhou.The contents of albumin,gliadinin and glutenin had soundly positive relationships with protein content and N translocation after anthesis.There were similar temporal shape of development rate after anthesis,but the highest rate appeared later at Nanjing than at Xuzhou.High development rate hampered the formation of albumin and glutenin in wheat at Nanjing,which led to a lower total grain protein in wheat at Nanjing than that at Xuzhou.

Key words: Transpiration, Agro-forestrial system, Affecting factors

中图分类号:

S512

荆奇, 戴廷波, 姜东, 曹卫星. 小麦籽粒蛋白质组分的生态变异及与植株氮转化的关系研究[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, (7): 747-750.

JING Qi, DAI Tingbo, JIANG Dong, CAO Weixing. Ecological variation of wheat grain protein components and its relationships with N translocation[J]. cje, 2005, (7): 747-750.

参考文献

[1] 王月福,姜东,于振文,等.2003.氮素水平对小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响及其生理基础[J].中国农业科学,36(5):513～520.
[2] 何中虎,林作楫,王龙俊,等.2002.中国小麦品质区划的研究[J].中国农业科学,35(4):359～364.
[3] 苏佩,蒋纪云,王春虎.1993.小麦蛋白质组分的连续提取分离法及提取时间的选择[J],河南职技师院学报,21(2):1～4.
[4] 荆奇,姜东,戴廷波,等.2003.小麦籽粒品质与蛋白质组分的基因型差异及生态环境效应[J].应用生态学报,14(10):1649～1653.
[5] 荆奇,戴廷波,姜东,等.2004.不同生态条件下不同基因型小麦干物质和氮素积累与分配特征[J].南京农业大学学报,27(1):1～5.
[6] Bangur R, Batey IL, Mckenzie E, et al. 1997. Dependence of extensograph parameters on wheat protein composition measured by SE-HPLC[J]. J. Cereal Sci., 25: 237～ 241.
[7] Blumenthal CS, Stone PJ, Gras PW, et al. 1997. Heat-shock proteins and grain-quality changes resulting from heat stress during grain growth of wheat[J]. Cereal Chem., 75:43～50.
[8] Gupta RB, Masci S, Lafiandra D, et al. 1996. Accumulation of protein subunits and their polymers in developing grains of hexaploid wheats[J]. J . Exp. Bot., 47:1377～ 1385.
[9] Jamieson PD, Semenov MA. 2000. Modelling nitrogen uptake and redistribution in wheat [J]. Field Crops Res., 68: 21 ～ 29.
[10] Jamieson PD, Stone PJ. 2001. Towards modelling quality in wheatfrom grain nitrogen concentration to protein composition[J]. Aspects Appl. Biol., 64:111 ～ 126.
[11] Khatkar BS, Bell AE, Schofield JD. 1996. A comparative study of the inter-relationships between mixograph parameters and breadmaking qualities of wheat flours and glutens[J]. J. Sci. Food Agric. ,72:71～85.
[12] SAS Institute. 1996. SAS User's Guide[M]. Carry: North Carolina SAS Institute, In C.
[13] Sosulski FW, Paul EA, Hutcheon WL. 1963. The influence of soil moisture, nitrogen fertilization, and temperature on quality and amino acid composition of Thatcher wheat [J]. Can. J. SoilSci. ,43:219～228.
[14] Stone PJ, Gras PW, Nicolas ME. 1997. The influence of recovery temperature on the effects of a brief heat shock on wheat Ⅲ.Grain protein composition and dough properties [J]. J. Cereal Sci., 25:129141.
[15] Stone PJ, Nicolas ME. 1996. Varietal differences in mature protein composition of wheat resulted from different rates of polymer accumulation during grain filling[J]. Aust. J. Plant Physiol.,23: 727～ 737.
[16] Stone PJ, Nicolas ME. 1996. Effect of timing of heat stress during grain filling on two wheat varieties differing in heat toleranceⅡ . Fractional protein accumulation[J]. Aust. J. Plant Physiol.,23: 739～ 749.
[17] Stone PJ, Nicolas ME. 1998. Comparison of sudden heat stress with gradual exposure to high temperature during grain filling in two varieties of wheat differing in heat tolerance Ⅱ. Fractional protein accumulation[J]. Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 25:1 ～ 11.
[18] Van Keulen H, Seligman NG. 1987. Simulation of water use, nitrogen and growth of a spring wheat crop[M]. Pudoci Wageningen, the Netherlands: Simulation Monographs.
[19] Wesley AS, Lukow OM, McKenzie RIH, et al. 2001. Effect of multiple substitution of glutenin and gliadin proteins on flour quality of Canada Prairie spring wheat[J]. Cereal Chem., 78:69～73.
[20] Zhu, J, Khan K. 2001. Effects of genotype and environment on glutenin polymers and breadmaking quality[J]. Cereal Chem.,78:125～ 130.