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生态学杂志 ›› 2003, Vol. ›› Issue (6): 124-126.

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

潮滩微地貌元素-“生物结构”与小型底栖动物的空间分布

袁兴中1, 陆健健2   

  1. 1. 重庆大学资源与环境科学学院, 重庆, 400044;
    2. 华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室, 上海, 200062
  • 收稿日期:2001-11-14 修回日期:2002-04-10 出版日期:2003-12-10
  • 基金资助:
    教育部重资助点项目"长江口新生湿地生物资源的环境净化效应与保育技术"(K0210);重庆大学骨干教师资助基金

Micro-topographical element-“Biogenic Structure" and spatial distribution of meiofauna on the tidal flat

YUAN Xingzhong1, LU Jianjian2   

  1. 1. College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Eastern China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Received:2001-11-14 Revised:2002-04-10 Online:2003-12-10

摘要: 潮滩微地貌元素所产生的生境异质性对小型底栖动物的空间分布具有重要的影响.在长江口南岸的高潮滩,生物结构如芦苇植株和密集的蟹洞导致了表层地形的变化,芦苇根圈和根增加了表层环境的结构异质性.小型底栖动物的优势类群是线虫和挠足类,小型多毛类、寡毛类、介形类、动吻类等类群是多度很低的组成成分.芦苇根之间的小型底栖动物密度高于芦苇根周的动物密度,尤其是线虫密度的差别更为明显.蟹洞的影响是明显的,蟹洞周围的动物密度高于蟹洞之间的动物密度.对4种不同生境的动物分析表明,沉积物上部1.0 cm部分的所有样品包含了大多数小型底栖动物,说明在河口淤泥质高潮滩,小型底栖动物的分布具有表聚性.小型底栖动物分布的表聚性和异质性与很多因子有关,如生物结构、食物的可利用性、捕食的季节性、沉积物深处的氧气赋存状况.生物结构明显地影响小型底栖动物的分布,因此,对结构异质性较高的区域进行动物区系的定量研究时,必须考虑到生物结构的影响.

关键词: 稻田, 氨挥发, 湿沉降

Abstract: The habitat heterogeneity induced by micro-topographical element has important effects on the spatial heterogeneity of meiofauna. on the high salt marsh of the southern bank of the yangtze estuary, Biogenic structures such as Phragmites culms and Sesarma dehaaniburrows provided variations in surface topography, and Phragmites rhizomes and roots added structural heterogeneity to the subsurface environment. on the high marsh of the estuary, nematodes and copepodes were numerically the most abundant meiofauna taxon,while the micro-polychaete, oligochaetes, ostracods and kinorhynchs were less abundant components. There were significantly more total meiofauna in samples taken between plants than in samples from around plants. The meiofaunal density in samples taken around crab burrows was higher than that in samples from between crab burrows. Analysis for four different habitats demonstrated that all samples contained the majority of meiofauna in the top 1.0 cm fraction of sediment. Meiofauna's aggregation to the sediment surface and the spatial heterogeneity may relate to many factors, such as biogenic structure, food availability, seasonal change of predation and oxygen limitations in the deeper fraction of sediments. Biogenic structures significantly affected meiofaunal distribution and must be taken into account when quantifying meiofauna in areas with much structural heterogeneity.

Key words: Rice field, Ammonia volatilization, Wet deposition

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