闽东柘荣驯养林麝的麝香分泌、品相和麝香酮水平

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202507.023

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 2297-2303.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202507.023

闽东柘荣驯养林麝的麝香分泌、品相和麝香酮水平

路晓平¹,易思民¹,郑沁彤²,林明生²,张炎达²,Vasili Shakun³,Irena Solovej³,曾凡刚¹,孟秀祥^1*

（¹中国人民大学生态环境学院，北京 100872； ²福建时珍堂农林发展有限公司，福建柘荣 355300; ³Scientific and Practical Center for Bioresources, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus 220072)

出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-14

Musk secretion, appearance and muscone levels of captive forest musk deer in Zherong Musk Deer Farm in eastern Fujian Province, China.

LU Xiaoping¹, YI Simin¹, ZHENG Qintong², LIN Mingsheng², ZHANG Yanda², Vasili Shakun³, Irena Solovej³, ZENG Fangang¹, MENG Xiuxiang^1*

(¹School of Ecology & Environment, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; ²Fujian Shizhentang Agriculture & Forestry Development Co., Ltd., Zherong 355300, Fujian, China; ³Scientific and Practical Center for Bioresources, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk 220072, Belarus).

Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 林麝（Moschus berezovskii）是珍稀濒危资源动物，成年雄麝所泌麝香被广泛应用于医药业和香水业，是我国重要的战略储备物资。因麝科（Moschidae）动物已极度濒危，均被列为国家一级重点保护动物。从野生麝获得麝香已被明令禁止，人工驯养成为天然麝香可持续供给及濒危麝类动物迁地保育的重要方式，林麝是最主要的驯养麝类动物。本研究于2023年11月1日—12月28日，对福建闽东柘荣麝场驯养林麝的麝香分泌情况进行研究，对麝香的品相、含水率及麝香酮水平等指标进行了检测。结果表明：柘荣麝场林麝的总体取香率为100%，有效取香率达85.07%，泌香为5.8～25.1 g·头^-1，1.5岁龄林麝麝香分泌（10.87±2.86 g）显著低于其余年龄组（P<0.01），2.5岁林麝麝香分泌量最高（16.91±5.36 g）；驯养林麝分泌的成熟麝香所含麝香酮均值为1.66%±0.83%（n=57），各年龄组间的麝香酮含量无显著差异（P>0.05）；麝香酮含量与麝香品相显著相关（r=0.281，P<0.01）。本研究表明，与我国其他区域麝场的圈养林麝相比，福建柘荣驯养林麝的有效取香率和麝香酮含量等麝香生产指标处于相对较优水平。在麝香采收实践中，建议延缓对泌香异常个体的取香操作，以使麝香完全熟化，保证麝香产量和质量；鉴于目前的天然药用麝香供给方式是麝类驯养，建议适当修订我国《药典》的麝香质量检测标准，如规定麝香采收的标准化流程等。

关键词: 麝香资源, 林麝, 麝类驯养, 麝香分泌, 麝香酮

Abstract: Musk, widely used in the medicine and perfume industries, is secreted by adult male musk deer (Moschus spp.) and is one of the national strategic reserved materials in China. As musk deer (Moschidae) has been listed as the first class of national protected animals, it is explicitly prohibited to extract musk from the endangered wild musk deer. Musk deer farming has been one of the most important measures for the sustainable supply of natural musk and ex situ conservation of the endangered musk deer, of which the forest musk deer (M. berezovskii) is the most abundant. During November 1 to December 28 of 2023, the musk secretion of captive forest musk deer from the Zherong Musk Deer Farm in Fujian Province was monitored. Variables such as musk appearance, moisture content, and muscone levels were examined and compared based on the collected musk samples. The results showed that the overall extraction rate of forest musk deer in Fujian Zherong Musk Deer Farm was 100%, the effective extraction rate reached 85.07%, with musk secretion ranging 5.8-25.1 g per animal. The musk secretion of forest musk deer at the age of 1.5 years old was significantly lower than that of other age groups (P<0.01), and the highest musk secretion was recorded at the age of 2.5 years (16.91±5.36 g). The mean muscone content in mature musk secreted by captive forest musk deer was 1.66%±0.83% (n=57), without any difference among age groups (P>0.05). Muscone content was significantly correlated with musk appearance score (r=0.281, P<0.01). Our results suggest that musk secretion variables such as effective musk extraction rate and muscone content of captive forest musk deer in Zherong, Fujian Province were at a relatively favorable level compared with captive forest musk deer in other regions of China. In the practice of musk harvesting in musk deer farms, it is recommended that musk harvesting of male individuals secreting abnormal musk should be delayed to allow the musk to fully mature and increase musk production and quality. Since musk deer farming is currently the unique way to supply natural medicinal musk, it is recommended that the musk evaluation standards of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia should be revised accordingly, such as specifying standardized musk harvesting procedures.

Key words: musk resource, forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), musk deer farming, musk secretion, muscone

路晓平, 易思民, 郑沁彤, 林明生, 张炎达, Vasili Shakun, Irena Solovej, 曾凡刚, 孟秀祥. 闽东柘荣驯养林麝的麝香分泌、品相和麝香酮水平[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(7): 2297-2303.

LU Xiaoping, YI Simin, ZHENG Qintong, LIN Mingsheng, ZHANG Yanda, Vasili Shakun, Irena Solovej, ZENG Fangang, MENG Xiuxiang. Musk secretion, appearance and muscone levels of captive forest musk deer in Zherong Musk Deer Farm in eastern Fujian Province, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(7): 2297-2303.

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闽东柘荣驯养林麝的麝香分泌、品相和麝香酮水平

Musk secretion, appearance and muscone levels of captive forest musk deer in Zherong Musk Deer Farm in eastern Fujian Province, China.

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