关键词: 湿地, 生态系统, 稳定性, 气候因素, 人类活动, 评价方法

Abstract: Maintaining and improving ecosystem stability is the key content of ensuring national ecological security and building a beautiful China, with the evaluation of ecosystem stability as the basis. As one of the three major natural ecosystems in the world, wetlands are rich in water resources and biodiversity. The assessment of wetland ecosystem stability can reveal the health status of regional wetland ecosystems and will provide a scientific basis for the effective protection of wetlands and the promotion of the sustainable utilization of wetland resources. We summarize the concept and connotation of wetland ecosystem stability, discuss the characteristics of different evaluation methods, notably the obvious advantages of ecological remote sensing methods in evaluating the stability of wetland ecosystems, and generalize the research progress in evaluating the ecosystem stability in different types of wetlands and the main influencing factors. In marsh wetlands, wetland area and biodiversity are important factors affecting ecosystem stability. In lake wetlands, water resources and hydrological connectivity play a key role in driving ecosystem stability. In coastal wetlands, climate change is a major factor affecting the balance and stability of wetland ecosystems. Future research should establish tailored ecosystem stability index systems for different types of wetland ecosystems, continually explore methods for evaluating wetland ecosystem stability, and conduct in-depth quantitative research on the impacts of environmental factors on wetland ecosystem stability. These efforts aim to provide valuable references for the comprehensive implementation of the Wetland Protection Law and to advance the high-quality conservation and sustainable development of wetland ecosystems in China.

Key words: wetland, ecosystem, stability, climatic factor, human activity, evaluation method