氮富集对三江平原沼泽湿地典型植物和土壤生态化学计量特征的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202609.032

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 2963-2971.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202609.032

氮富集对三江平原沼泽湿地典型植物和土壤生态化学计量特征的影响

符方聪^1,2,冯奕淞^1,2,冯欢欢²,梅文锴^1,2,宋艳宇^2*,宫超²,刘吉平¹

（¹吉林师范大学地理科学与旅游学院，吉林四平 136000； ²中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土地保护与利用重点实验室，长春 130102）

出版日期:2026-09-10 发布日期:2026-09-08

Effects of nitrogen enrichment on ecological stoichiometric characteristics of typical plant and soil in Sanjiang Plain wetland.

FU Fangcong^1,2, FENG Yisong^1,2, FENG Huanhuan², MEI Wenkai^1,2, SONG Yanyu^2*, GONG Chao², LIU Jiping¹

(¹College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, Jilin, China; ²Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China).

Online:2026-09-10 Published:2026-09-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： N是湿地生态系统主要限制性养分之一。随着N沉降的增加及湿地垦殖的加剧，大量的外源N输入到湿地，改变了湿地生态系统元素循环过程。本研究依托三江平原开展的为期13年的野外原位N输入控制实验，设置CK（0 g N·m^-2·a^-1）、N6（6 g N·m^-2·a^-1）、N12（12 g N·m^-2·a^-1）、N24（24 g N·m^-2·a^-1）4个处理，评估N富集对湿地典型植物狭叶甜茅（Glyceria spiculosa）叶片叶绿素含量、株高和地上生物量的影响，以及其器官（叶、茎）与土壤（0～15、15～30 cm）中C、N、P含量及化学计量比的响应特征。结果表明，N富集显著提高了狭叶甜茅叶片叶绿素含量、株高和地上生物量，并导致狭叶甜茅叶和茎的N含量显著增加（N24处理为CK对照处理的3.93倍），C∶N显著降低，但P含量无显著变化；N24处理下表层土壤总N含量显著增加，C∶N显著降低，而土壤C、N含量及亚表层土壤化学计量比无显著变化；进一步分析表明，植物与土壤的N、P含量呈极显著正相关。综上，长期N富集通过有效缓解植物N限制，促进光合C固定与湿地植被生产力，并通过降低C∶N来改变植物-土壤间的营养平衡。本研究阐明了N富集效应对湿地植物和土壤之间养分平衡关系的影响，为湿地生态保护及养分调控提供了重要的数据支持和理论依据。

关键词: 沼泽湿地, 氮富集, 生态化学计量比, 狭叶甜茅

Abstract: Nitrogen (N) is one of the primary limiting nutrients in wetland ecosystems. Increasing atmospheric N deposition and intensified wetland reclamation have led to substantial exogenous N inputs, altering wetland biogeochemical cycling. Here, we conducted a 13-year in situ N-addition experiment in the Sanjiang Plain with four treatments: CK (0 g N·m^-2·a^-1), N6 (6 g N·m^-2·a^-1), N12 (12 g N·m^-2·a^-1), and N24 (24 g N·m^-2·a^-1). We investigated the long-term effects of N enrichment on plant traits and soil nutrient stoichiometry by measuring leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, and aboveground biomass of the dominant plant species Glyceria spiculosa, as well as C∶N∶P stoichiometry in plant organs (leaves, stems) and soils (0-15 and 15-30 cm). Results showed that N enrichment significantly increased leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, and aboveground biomass. Leaf and stem N concentrations increased markedly under enrichment, reaching 3.93 times higher in N24 treatment than that in the control, accompanied by a pronounced decline in plant C∶N ratios. However, phosphorus (P) content remained largely unchanged. In the topsoil (0-15 cm), total N content increased and C∶N ratios declined significantly under N24 treatment, whereas soil carbon, nitrogen content, and stoichiometric ratios in subsoil (15-30 cm) showed no significant response. There were significant positive correlations between plant and soil N and P concentrations. These findings indicate that long-term N enrichment alleviates plant N limitation, thereby enhancing photosynthetic carbon assimilation and aboveground productivity, ultimately shifting nutrient balance by reducing C∶N ratios in both plants and soils. This study provides empirical evidence on how N enrichment alters nutrient balance between plants and soils in wetlands, offering valuable insights for wetland conservation and nutrient management under ongoing anthropogenic N enrichment.

Key words: marsh wetland, nitrogen enrichment, ecological stoichiometric ratio, Glyceria spiculose

符方聪, 冯奕淞, 冯欢欢, 梅文锴, 宋艳宇, 宫超, 刘吉平. 氮富集对三江平原沼泽湿地典型植物和土壤生态化学计量特征的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(9): 2963-2971.

FU Fangcong, FENG Yisong, FENG Huanhuan, MEI Wenkai, SONG Yanyu, GONG Chao, LIU Jiping. Effects of nitrogen enrichment on ecological stoichiometric characteristics of typical plant and soil in Sanjiang Plain wetland.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(9): 2963-2971.

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氮富集对三江平原沼泽湿地典型植物和土壤生态化学计量特征的影响

Effects of nitrogen enrichment on ecological stoichiometric characteristics of typical plant and soil in Sanjiang Plain wetland.

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