生物炭配施肥对杉木林土壤养分含量及微生物群落的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202511.006

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 3646-3655.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202511.006

生物炭配施肥对杉木林土壤养分含量及微生物群落的影响

贾志荣^1,2，薛旭鹏^1,2，范建忠³，叶俊成³，高歌¹，葛晓改¹，李正才^1*

（¹中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所，杭州 311400； ²南京林业大学，南京 210037； ³杭州市建德寿昌林场，浙江建德 311600）

出版日期:2025-11-10 发布日期:2025-11-10

Effects of combined application of biochar with fertilizers on soil nutrient contents and microbial communities of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation.

JIA Zhirong^1,2, XUE Xupeng^1,2, FAN Jianzhong³, YE Juncheng³, GAO Ge¹, GE Xiaogai¹, LI Zhengcai^1*

(¹Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; ²Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; ³Shouchang Forest Center of Jiande, Jiande 311600, Zhejiang, China).

Online:2025-11-10 Published:2025-11-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探明不同生物炭配施肥条件下森林土壤养分含量和微生物群落变化，对研究森林土壤碳循环机制具有重要意义。本研究以杉木林为研究对象，设置对照（CK，不施加任何物料）、单施生物炭（B）、生物炭配施氮肥（BN）、生物炭配施磷肥（BP）、生物质炭配施氮肥和磷肥（BNP）共5个处理。经过一个生长季监测不同土层（0～10、10～20、20～40和40～60 cm）土壤养分含量、微生物生物量和微生物群落结构变化特征，探究不同施肥条件下影响土壤微生物群落的主要环境因子。结果表明：不同施肥处理对杉木林土壤养分含量和微生物生物量有显著影响；在0～10 cm土层，与对照组相比，B、BP和BNP处理土壤有机碳（SOC）和全氮（TN）含量分别显著降低了25.3%和14.9%、20.5%和13.5%、23.8%和14.9%；BP处理微生物量氮（MBN）显著高于其他处理；10～20 cm，BP处理SOC含量和BN处理微生物量碳（MBC）显著低于CK。20～40 cm，各处理MBN显著低于CK，BNP处理微生物量磷（MBP）显著高于B处理；40～60 cm，各处理有效磷（AP）含量显著低于CK，BP处理MBP显著高于其他处理；此外，BNP处理放线菌相对丰度在20～40 cm和40～60 cm土层有显著增加；SOC在塑造微生物群落中起主导作用；生物炭添加提供了更多的碳源，提高微生物生物量并调节了微生物群落结构。本研究为杉木人工林土壤碳管理和可持续发展提供了重要参考。

关键词: 生物炭配施肥, 土壤养分, 微生物生物量, 微生物群落结构, 化学计量特征

Abstract: Exploring the changes in soil nutrient contents and microbial communities of forest plantation under different combined applications of biochar with fertilizers is of great significance for understanding the mechanism underlying soil carbon cycling. A field experiment in a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation was conducted with five treatments, including control (CK, no materials applied), biochar (B), biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer (BN), biochar combined with phosphorus fertilizer (BP), biochar combined with both nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers (BNP). Soil nutrient contents, microbial biomass, and microbial community structure were measured in different soil layers (0-10, 10-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm) in a whole growing season, while the main environmental factors influencing soil microbial communities were determined. The results showed that different treatments significantly affected soil nutrient contents and microbial biomass. In the 0-10 cm soil layer, the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were significantly reduced by 25.3% and 14.9% in the B treatment, 20.5% and 13.5% in the BP treatment, and 23.8% and 14.9% in the BNP treatment, respectively. The microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in the BP treatment was significantly higher than that in other treatments. In the 10-20 cm layer, SOC contents and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were significantly lower in BP and BN treatments than CK, respectively. In the 20-40 cm layer, the MBN was significantly lower in B, BP, BP, and BNP treatments than in CK, and the microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) in the BNP treatment was significantly higher than that in the B treatment. In the 40-60 cm layer, the available phosphorus (AP) content was significantly lower in B, BP, BP, and BNP treatments than in CK, while the MBP in the BP treatment was significantly higher than that in other treatments. Additionally, the relative abundance of actinomycetes in 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers significantly increased in BNP treatment. Our results suggested that SOC played a key role in shaping microbial communities. Biochar application provided carbon sources, enhanced microbial biomass, and regulated microbial community structure. This study provides valuable insights for soil carbon management and sustainable development of C. lanceolata plantations.

Key words: combined application of biochar with fertilizer, soil nutrient, microbial biomass, microbial community structure, stoichiometric characteristics

贾志荣, 薛旭鹏, 范建忠, 叶俊成, 高歌, 葛晓改, 李正才. 生物炭配施肥对杉木林土壤养分含量及微生物群落的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(11): 3646-3655.

JIA Zhirong, XUE Xupeng, FAN Jianzhong, YE Juncheng, GAO Ge, GE Xiaogai, LI Zhengcai. Effects of combined application of biochar with fertilizers on soil nutrient contents and microbial communities of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(11): 3646-3655.

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生物炭配施肥对杉木林土壤养分含量及微生物群落的影响

Effects of combined application of biochar with fertilizers on soil nutrient contents and microbial communities of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation.

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