林窗大小对青海云杉林灌草层维管植物物种多样性的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202408.022

生态学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 2382-2394.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202408.022

林窗大小对青海云杉林灌草层维管植物物种多样性的影响

沙欢^1,2,3,梁咏亮⁴,彭妞^1,2,3,高锋^2,3,5,李静尧⁴,魏文轩⁴,庞丹波^2,3,5,陈林^2,3,5*

（¹宁夏大学林业与草业学院，银川 750021； ²西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地，银川 750021； ³西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室，银川 750021； ⁴宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局，银川 750021； ⁵宁夏大学生态环境学院，银川 750021）

出版日期:2024-08-10 发布日期:2024-08-14

Effects of forest gap size on species diversity of vascular plants in shrub and herb layers of Picea crassifolia forest in Helan Mountains.

SHA Huan^1,2,3, LIANG Yongliang⁴, PENG Niu^1,2,3, GAO Feng^2,3,5, LI Jingyao⁴, WEI Wenxuan⁴, PANG Danbo^2,3,5, CHEN Lin^2,3,5*

(¹College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; ²Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Yinchuan 750021, China; ³Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China; ⁴Administration of National Nature Reserve of Helan Mountain in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750021, China; ⁵College of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China).

Online:2024-08-10 Published:2024-08-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 林窗普遍存在于森林生态系统中，是物种更新的重要空间场所，可改变森林空间结构和植物群落组成，对物种更新和森林演替具有重要意义。以贺兰山青海云杉林为研究对象，通过分析24对不同大小林窗及林内灌木层和草本层的物种多样性差异及分布格局，阐明林窗大小对青海云杉林维管植物物种多样性的影响，揭示林窗和林内灌木－更新幼苗－草本共生物种的互作网络差异。结果表明：青海云杉林下灌木植物以置疑小檗、铺地柏、金露梅、小叶忍冬为主要优势种，更新层为青海云杉幼苗和杜松幼苗，薹草是草本层的优势种；林窗物种数高于林内，以大林窗的灌、草层科属种数最高；灌木层丰富度指数随林窗面积的增加而增大，多样性指数在中林窗（100～200 m²）达到最高，优势度指数、均匀度指数随林窗面积的增加呈下降趋势；草本层丰富度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数均随林窗面积的增加而增大并显著高于林内；Beta多样性随林窗面积的增加呈先降低后增加趋势，分解后的丰富度差异组分对灌木层、草本层贡献最大，且随林窗面积的增加呈上升趋势；林窗网络结构较林内的规模大、复杂且集中；不同大小林窗及林内多形成以草本与草本物种间互作的密切共生关系，中林窗的出现还可增加更新幼苗、灌木与草本物种间的互作共生；林窗对提高贺兰山青海云杉林灌草层维管植物多样性、促进物种共生起着积极作用，当林窗面积在100～200 m²时可提高物种多样性和促进林下植被更新。

关键词: 林窗, Alpha多样性, Beta多样性, 共生指数, 互作网络

Abstract: Forest gaps are common in forest ecosystems, which are important sites for species regeneration. Forest gaps can change the spatial structure and plant community composition of forests, and is of great significance for species regeneration and forest succession. In this study, we analyzed the species diversity and distribution patterns of shrub and herb layers in 24 pairs of differentsized gaps and understory of a Picea crassifolia forest on the eastern slope of the Helan Mountains. The aims of this study were to elucidate the effects of gap size on species diversity of vascular plants and to reveal differences in the interaction network of shrub-regeneration seedling-herb co-occurring species within the forest gaps and understory. The results showed that dominant plant species in the understory of Picea crassifolia forest were Berberis dubia, Juniperus procumbens, Dasiphora fruticosa, and Lonicera microphylla. The seedlings of Picea crassifolia and Juniperus rigida dominated the regeneration layer. Carex was the dominant species in the herb layer. The number of species in the forest gaps was higher than that of understory, with the highest number of family, genus, and species of shrub and herb layers in the large gaps. The richness index of shrub layer increased with increasing forest gap size. The Shannon diversity index was highest at the medium-sized gaps (100-200 m²), and the Simpson index and Pielou index showed a decreasing trend with increasing forest gap size. The herb layer richness index, Shannon index, Simpson index, and Pielou index increased with increasing gap size, and were significantly higher than those of forest understory. Beta diversity tended to decrease and then increase with increasing gap size. The decomposed richness difference components contributed the most to the shrub and herb layers, and showed an increasing trend with increasing gap size. The network structure of forest gaps was larger, more complex, and more concentrated than that of the understory. A close symbiosis between herb-herb species was mostly formed in different-sized gaps and understory. The emergence of medium gap increased the interaction and symbiosis between regenerated seedlings, shrub and herb species. Forest gaps play a positive role in enhancing species diversity of vascular plants and species symbiosis in Picea crassifolia forest in the Helan Mountains. Forest gap with a size of 100-200 m² can improve species diversity and promote the regeneration of understory.

Key words: forest gap, alpha diversity, beta diversity, symbiosis index, interaction network

沙欢, 梁咏亮, 彭妞, 高锋, 李静尧, 魏文轩, 庞丹波, 陈林. 林窗大小对青海云杉林灌草层维管植物物种多样性的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(8): 2382-2394.

SHA Huan, LIANG Yongliang, PENG Niu, GAO Feng, LI Jingyao, WEI Wenxuan, PANG Danbo, CHEN Lin. Effects of forest gap size on species diversity of vascular plants in shrub and herb layers of Picea crassifolia forest in Helan Mountains.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2024, 43(8): 2382-2394.

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林窗大小对青海云杉林灌草层维管植物物种多样性的影响

Effects of forest gap size on species diversity of vascular plants in shrub and herb layers of Picea crassifolia forest in Helan Mountains.

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