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生态学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 4031-4037.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202012.024

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

海拔对新疆野苹果种群遗传特征的影响

张宏祥1*,郑田勇2   

  1. 1中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011;2中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650)
  • 出版日期:2020-12-10 发布日期:2021-06-10

Effects of elevation on population genetic characteristics of Malus sieversii.

ZHANG Hong-xiang1*, ZHENG Tian-yong2   

  1. (1State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China).
  • Online:2020-12-10 Published:2021-06-10

摘要: 新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii)是残遗于亚洲中部山地阔叶野果林的重要建群树种,常分布于海拔1000~1700 m的山麓地带。为了探究其种群遗传特征对海拔变化的响应,本研究选取面积较大、海拔落差大且分布连续的额敏种群作为对象,利用微卫星标记手段对采自6个海拔的123个植株样品的基因型进行分型。通过分析不同海拔样品间的遗传多样性差异与遗传谱系关系,并对样品等位基因的地理分布进行遗传景观分析,来探究海拔对新疆野苹果种群遗传特征的影响。结果表明:不同海拔间存在显著的遗传多样性差异,且呈现了低高低的单峰分布格局;低、中、高海拔地带之间的植株样品出现了显著的遗传分化。这表明,海拔对新疆野苹果种群遗传多样性和遗传结构产生了重要的影响。在未来的种质保育工作中,应当充分考虑不同海拔的种质资源。

关键词: 新疆野苹果, 海拔, 遗传多样性, 种质资源, 额敏县

Abstract: Malus sieversii is a dominant species of relict broad-leaved wild fruit forests in the mountains of central Asia, which is usually distributed in piedmont belts at elevations from 1000 m to 1700 m. To investigate the response of population genetic characteristics of M. sieversii to elevational change, the Emin population, which has a large and continuous distribution covering a broad range of elevations, was sampled in this study. Microsatellites were used to identify the genotypes of 123 individuals from six sites with different elevations. The effects of elevation on the population genetic characteristics of the M. sieversiipopulation were investigated by analyzing the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of individuals from different elevations. Genetic landscape analysis was conducted to determine the distribution pattern of alleles among the sampled individuals. The results showed that significant differences in genetic diversity existed among these elevations, with a unimodal distribution of genetic diversity. Significant genetic divergence was found among the low, middle and highelevation belts. These results indicated that changes in elevation profoundly influenced genetic diversity and genetic structure of M. sieversii population. Germplasm resources from different elevations should be considered in future germplasm resource protection.

Key words: Malus sieversii, elevation, genetic diversity, germplasm resource, Emin County.