四川青城山地区表土孢粉组合特征及对人类活动的指示意义

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202610.019

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 3379-3390.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202610.019

四川青城山地区表土孢粉组合特征及对人类活动的指示意义

庞有智¹,陆欣月¹，邓财¹，吴汉¹，陈发军²，胡学华¹，李春海^3*

（¹内江师范学院地理与测绘科学学院，四川内江 641100； ²内江师范学院生命科学学院，四川内江 641100； ³湖泊与流域水安全全国重点实验室，中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所，南京 211135）

出版日期:2026-10-10 发布日期:2027-04-12

Surface pollen assemblages and their indicating significance for human activities in Qingcheng Mountain, Sichuan Province, China.

PANG Youzhi¹, LU Xinyue¹, DENG Cai¹, WU Han¹, CHEN Fajun², HU Xuehua¹, LI Chunhai^3*

(¹School of Geographic and Geomatics Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, Sichuan, China; ²School of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, Sichuan, China; ³State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China).

Online:2026-10-10 Published:2027-04-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 现代表土孢粉组合是连接现代植被、气候与古环境重建的桥梁，能够揭示生态系统对环境变化的响应机制，并为人类活动影响评估提供科学依据。本研究选取青城山不同海拔的20个表土样品开展孢粉分析，旨在揭示区域现代表土孢粉组合特征与植被的关联性及其对人类活动的指示意义。结果显示，青城山表土孢粉以松属、杉科、栲属、常绿栎、青冈属、桤木属、桦木属、枫杨属、落叶栎属、榆属、胡桃属、蔷薇科、禾本科及水龙骨科等为主，其中木本植物花粉占绝对优势（91.9%），木本与草本植物花粉比值（AP/NAP）平均达15.9，基本反映了该区亚热带森林植被的主要特征。低海拔区，相对常绿阔叶林，人工次生林的常绿阔叶优势种（栲属、常绿栎）花粉含量显著下降，而先锋树种（松属、桤木属）花粉占比相应上升，且伴随着蕨类植物孢子大量富集；同时，孢粉浓度、AP/NAP和E/D值（常绿阔叶乔木与落叶阔叶乔木花粉比值）均呈下降趋势，而孢粉多样性指数则小幅度升高。上述指标的协同变化，反映了人类活动对自然植被的干扰效应，同时间接印证了国家保护区对植被保护的有效性。本研究结果可为区域古气候重建、历史时期人类活动信息提取及生态文明建设提供科学依据。

关键词: 表土孢粉, 孢粉与植被关系, 海拔梯度, 人类活动, 四川青城山

Abstract: Modern surface soil pollen assemblages serve as a bridge linking modern vegetation, climate, and paleoenvironmental reconstruction, which can reveal the mechanisms underlying ecosystem responses to environmental changes and provide a scientific basis for assessing the impacts of human activities. Here, we conducted pollen analysis on 20 surface soil samples collected at different elevations in Qingcheng Mountain, aiming to understand the associations between modern surface pollen assemblages and vegetation, as well as their indicative significance for human activities. Results showed that the surface pollen in Qingcheng Mountain was dominated by Pinus, Taxodiaceae, Castanopsis, evergreen Quercus, Cyclobalanopsis, Alnus, Betula, Pterocarya, deciduous Quercus, Ulmus, Juglans, Rosaceae, Poaceae, and Polypodiaceae. Among them, woody plant pollen accounted for an absolute advantage (91.9%), with the average ratio of arboreal to non-arboreal pollen (AP/NAP) reaching 15.9, indicating the main characteristics of subtropical forest. Comparative results of pollen assemblages between evergreen broad-leaved forests and secondary forests in low-altitude areas indicated that the pollen content of dominant evergreen broad-leaved species (Castanopsis, evergreen Quercus) in secondary forests decreased significantly, while the proportion of pollen from pioneer species (Pinus or Alnus) increased accordingly, accompanied by large enrichment of fern spores. Meanwhile, pollen concentration, AP/NAP, and E/D value (ratio of evergreen broad-leaved tree to deciduous broad-leaved tree pollen) all showed a downward trend, while the pollen diversity index increased slightly. The coordinated changes in those indicators reflect the disturbance effect of human activities on natural vegetation and indirectly confirm the effectiveness of vegetation conservation in the national reserve. Our findings provide a scientific basis for regional paleoclimate reconstruction, extraction of information on human activities in historical periods, and ecological civilization construction.

Key words: surface pollen, relationship between pollen and vegetation, elevation gradient, human activity, Qingcheng Mountain

庞有智, 陆欣月, 邓财, 吴汉, 陈发军, 胡学华, 李春海. 四川青城山地区表土孢粉组合特征及对人类活动的指示意义[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(10): 3379-3390.

PANG Youzhi, LU Xinyue, DENG Cai, WU Han, CHEN Fajun, HU Xuehua, LI Chunhai. Surface pollen assemblages and their indicating significance for human activities in Qingcheng Mountain, Sichuan Province, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(10): 3379-3390.

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四川青城山地区表土孢粉组合特征及对人类活动的指示意义

Surface pollen assemblages and their indicating significance for human activities in Qingcheng Mountain, Sichuan Province, China.

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