笃斯越橘叶片形态与生态化学计量特征对海拔梯度的响应

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202604.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以长白山北坡笃斯越橘为研究对象，通过方差分析、相关性分析和冗余分析等方法，研究其叶片形态和生态化学计量特征沿海拔梯度的变化规律、协同关系及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：（1）随着海拔的升高，笃斯越橘叶片形态特征指标（叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶周长和叶长宽比）均呈显著下降趋势（P<0.05），逐渐向“小且圆”的形态特征演化，而10个生态化学计量指标中，叶片氮（N）含量和氮磷比（N∶P）随海拔升高呈显著上升趋势（P<0.05），碳氮比（C∶N）呈显著下降趋势（P<0.05），其余指标随海拔的升高无显著变化趋势。（2）叶片形态特征的变异系数（CV）均大于叶片生态化学计量的CV，其中叶面积的CV最大（45.54%），叶片碳（C）含量的CV最小（5.41%），表明叶片形态特征比生态化学计量特征对环境变化更加敏感。（3）笃斯越橘叶片形态和生态化学计量特征间存在显著协同变化趋势，其中叶片N∶P与叶片形态特征5个指标均呈极显著负相关（P<0.001），叶长、叶面积、叶周长和叶长宽比与叶C∶N均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与叶片N含量呈极显著负相关（P<0.001）。（4）笃斯越橘叶片形态和生态化学计量特征的主要环境贡献因子均为年均温，说明温度在塑造笃斯越橘叶片性状方面起主导作用。（5）长白山各海拔笃斯越橘叶片氮磷比（N∶P）均大于16，根据N∶P阈值假说，判断笃斯越橘生长主要受磷（P）元素限制，且主要与研究区内土壤有效磷不足有关。综上，长白山北坡笃斯越橘叶片形态和生态化学计量特征均表现出适应海拔变化的生长策略，且两者之间存在协同关系，说明笃斯越橘能通过改变叶片形态以及对养分的吸收利用效率，以更好地适应不同的海拔环境。

关键词: 笃斯越橘, 海拔梯度, 叶片形态, 生态化学计量特征

Abstract: We examined the variations in leaf morphology and ecological stoichiometry of Vaccinium uliginosum across an altitudinal gradient along the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, as well as the influence of environmental factors on the variations of those traits. The results showed that leaf morphological characteristics (leaf length, width, area, perimeter, and length-to-width ratio) significantly decreased with increasing elevation (P<0.05), demonstrating a shift toward smaller but more rounded leaf forms. Among the ten ecological stoichiometric characteristics, leaf nitrogen (N) content and nitrogen/phosphorus ratio (N∶P) ratio showed significant positive correlations with elevation (P<0.05), while carbon/nitrogen ratio (C∶N) decreased significantly (P<0.05). Other stochiometric characteristics displayed no significant trends along the altitudinal gradient. (2) The coefficients of variation (CV) for leaf morphological characteristics exceeded those of ecological stoichiometric characteristics, with leaf area showing the highest CV (45.54%) and leaf carbon (C) content the lowest (5.41%), suggesting that leaf morphological characteristics were more sensitive to environmental change than ecological stoichiometric characteristics. (3) There was significant covariation between leaf morphological and stoichiometric traits. Leaf N∶P ratio was significantly negatively correlated with all the five morphological characteristics (P<0.001). Conversely, leaf length, area, perimeter, and length:width ratio showed strong positive correlations with leaf C∶N ratio (P<0.01) but strong negative correlations with leaf N content (P<0.001). (4) Mean annual temperature was the primary environmental driver for both leaf morphology and stoichiometry traits, highlighting its dominant role in shaping leaf traits. (5) Across all elevations on Changbai Mountain, leaf nitrogen/phosphorus ratio (N∶P) of V. uliginosum consistently exceeded 16. According to the N∶P threshold hypothesis, this indicated primary phosphorus limitation on the growth of V. uliginosum, with soil available phosphorus deficiency being the probable constraint in the study area. In conclusion, V. uliginosum on the north slope of Changbai Mountain demonstrated coordinated adjustments in both leaf morphology and ecological stoichiometry along the elevational gradient. Such trait covariation reflects an adaptive strategy where modifications in leaf morphology and nutrient use efficiency collectively enhance fitness across varying elevations.

Key words: Vaccinium uliginosum, altitudinal gradient, leaf morphology, ecological stoichiometric characteristics

刘羿辰, 李金航, 王晓伟, 其其格, 张启昌, 孙新宇, 王猛, 杨春雷, 沐玉婷, 王东昶, 李洋溢. 笃斯越橘叶片形态与生态化学计量特征对海拔梯度的响应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(4): 1254-1264.

LIU Yichen, LI Jinhang, WANG Xiaowei, QI Qige, ZHANG Qichang, SUN Xinyu, WANG Meng, YANG Chunlei, MU Yuting, WANG Dongchang, LI Yangy. Responses of leaf morphology and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of Vaccinium uliginosum to altitudinal changes.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(4): 1254-1264.

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笃斯越橘叶片形态与生态化学计量特征对海拔梯度的响应

Responses of leaf morphology and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of Vaccinium uliginosum to altitudinal changes.

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