基于红外相机的普通燕鸥繁殖期活动节律和时间分配

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202505.041

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 1525-1531.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202505.041

基于红外相机的普通燕鸥繁殖期活动节律和时间分配

韩堉鑫¹,刘彬²,初鹏飞¹,乔征磊^1*,原宝东^3*

（¹牡丹江师范学院生命科学与技术学院，黑龙江牡丹江 157011； ²江苏省大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区，江苏盐城 224145； ³聊城大学农业与生物学院，山东聊城 252000）

出版日期:2025-06-10 发布日期:2025-05-13

Monitoring activity rhythm and time allocation of common tern during breeding period using infrared cameras.

HAN Yuxin¹, LIU Bin², CHU Pengfei¹, QIAO Zhenglei^1*, YUAN Baodong^3*

(¹College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, China; ²Jiangsu Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve, Yancheng 224145, Jiangsu, China; ³College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, China).

Online:2025-06-10 Published:2025-05-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究普通燕鸥（Sterna hirundo）繁殖期的活动节律和时间分配模式，进而分析其繁殖期行为模式，2019年4—7月，在江苏省大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区采用红外相机对普通燕鸥在巢期间的行为进行录制并对采集数据进行分析。结果表明，20台红外相机累计工作320 d，记录了100个鸟巢，其中96个有普通燕鸥活动。普通燕鸥繁殖期在巢期间的行为以坐巢和鸣叫为主，分别占总行为发生频次的43.8%±7.7%和30.1%±7.2%，其次为防御占6.2%±2.6%，其余行为占比较低。进一步分析显示，普通燕鸥在夜间坐巢时间比日间多16%，而夜间鸣叫时间比日间少33%，且在繁殖中期，坐巢行为的比例显著高于前期和后期，分别为60.0%±3.3%、30.8%±6.5%和40.6%±5.7%。此外，坐巢行为具有明显的节律性，在12:00—14:00和22:00—24:00处于高峰期，在06:00—08:00和14:00—16:00处于低谷期，其他行为无明显节律性。乞食与育雏、鸣叫呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），理羽与坐巢呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），觅食与筑巢呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），育雏与筑巢、防御呈显著正相关（P<0.05），觅食与理羽、坐巢呈显著正相关（P<0.05），其他行为无显著相关性。研究结果将为大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区域繁殖期普通燕鸥的保护管理及该物种的后续繁殖生态学研究提供基础数据。

关键词: 普通燕鸥, 繁殖期, 活动节律, 时间分配

Abstract: We investigated the activity rhythms and time allocation patterns of common terns (Sterna hirundo) and analyzed their behavioral patterns during breeding season from April to July 2019 in Dafeng Elk National Nature Reserve, Jiangsu Province, China. Infrared cameras were used to record the behaviors during the nest-building period of common terns. Twenty infrared cameras were deployed for a total of 320 d, and 100 nests were recorded, 96 of which recorded common tern activities. The behavior of breeding common terns was dominated by nest-sitting and calling (43.8%±7.7% and 30.1%±7.2% of the total behavioral frequency, respectively), followed by defense (6.2%±2.6%). Other behaviors accounted for a relatively low percentage. Common terns spent 16% more time sitting on the nest at night than during the daytime and 33% less time calling at night than during the daytime. The proportion of nest-sitting behavior was significantly higher in the mid-breeding period than that in the pre-breeding and post-breeding periods (60.0%±3.3%, 30.8%±6.5%, and 40.6%±5.7%, respectively). Nest-sitting had a rhythmicity, with peaks during 12:00-14:00 and 22:00-24:00 and troughs during 06:00-08:00 and 14:00-16:00. In contrast, the other behaviors showed no rhythmicity. Begging was significantly positively correlated with brooding and calling (P<0.01). Feather-grooming was significantly positively correlated with nest-sitting (P<0.01). Foraging was significantly positively correlated with nesting (P<0.01). Brooding was significantly positively correlated with nesting and defending (P<0.05). Foraging was significantly positively correlated with feather-grooming and nest-sitting (P<0.05). No significant correlation was observed for other behaviors. This study provides basic data for the conservation and management of breeding common terns and for subsequent breeding ecological studies.

Key words: Sterna hirundo, breeding season, activity rhythm, time allocation

韩堉鑫, 刘彬, 初鹏飞, 乔征磊, 原宝东. 基于红外相机的普通燕鸥繁殖期活动节律和时间分配[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(5): 1525-1531.

HAN Yuxin, LIU Bin, CHU Pengfei, QIAO Zhenglei, YUAN Baodong. Monitoring activity rhythm and time allocation of common tern during breeding period using infrared cameras.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(5): 1525-1531.

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基于红外相机的普通燕鸥繁殖期活动节律和时间分配

Monitoring activity rhythm and time allocation of common tern during breeding period using infrared cameras.

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