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生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 2305-2313.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202310.030

• 湿地生态与修复专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐地碱蓬、柽柳和芦苇生长的水盐阈值对类圆形植被斑块形成机制的解释

刘庆生1,2*,黄翀1,李贺1   

  1. 1中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室, 北京 100101; 2江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心, 南京 210023)

  • 出版日期:2023-10-10 发布日期:2023-10-07

Water-salt thresholds of Suaeda salsa, Tamarix chinensis, and Phragmites australis on the interpretation of formation mechanism of quasi-circular vegetation patches.

LIU Qingsheng1,2*, HUANG Chong1, LI He1#br#

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  1. (1State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China).
  • Online:2023-10-10 Published:2023-10-07

摘要: 山东省黄河三角洲离海向陆25 km左右的区域内分布着不同类型的类圆形植被斑块,其演替速度快、生物多样性高,是研究黄河三角洲水盐交互作用和植被演替的理想对象,揭示其形成过程和机制对于黄河三角洲盐碱滩地植被恢复有着重要的实践意义。基于类圆形植被斑块的盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)生长发育的水盐阈值和生活习性,以及黄河三角洲缓平低地盐生植物群落的分布规律,对类圆形植被斑块形成过程和机制进行了解析。结果表明:缓平低地的积水地形导致的局部水盐再分配是类圆形植被斑块形成的基础。盐地碱蓬分布在类圆形植被斑块的最外缘,为局部高盐分(1.0%~2.1%)、湿润地带;向斑块中心,分布着矮小的芦苇,为局部中高盐分(0.12%~0.79%)、低水深地带;再向斑块中心,柽柳散落分布在积水线附近,为局部低水深、中等盐分(0.16%~0.70%)地带;斑块中心区分布着芦苇和白茅,为局部高水深、低盐分(0.1%~0.32%)区域。春季和冬季,灰白色的高含盐量盐斑出现在盐地碱蓬外侧,为局部高盐分(1.6%~3.4%)、干燥地带,由蒸发引起的盐分迁移积累所致。由此,形成面积相对稳定的圈层结构的类圆形植被斑块。依据该规律,可构建微地貌营造结合水盐控制的生态修复模式,促进植被的正向演替,为黄河三角洲盐碱滩地植被恢复提供一种基于自然的解决方案。


关键词: 盐地碱蓬, 柽柳, 芦苇, 水盐阈值, 类圆形植被斑块, 形成过程

Abstract: Quasi-circular vegetation patches (QVPs) occur in the area with a distance of 25 km from the Bohai Sea to the land in the Yellow River Delta, which are featured by a fast succession rate and high biodiversity. QVPs are ideal targets for studying water-salt interaction and vegetation succession in the Yellow River Delta. Revealing formation processes and mechanisms of the QVPs is of important practical significance for restoring vegetation in the saline tidal flat in the Delta. Based on the water-salt thresholds and living habits of Suaeda salsa, Tamarix chinensis, and Phragmites australis, which are the dominant plant species in QVPs, and the distribution patterns of halophyte vegetation communities in the gentle lowland of the Delta, we analyzed the formation processes and mechanisms of QVPs. The results showed that the local redistribution of water-salt caused by waterlogged microtopography in the gentle lowland was the basis for the formation of QVPs. Suaeda salsa was located in the outermost edge of QVPs with high soil salinity (1.0%-2.1%) and humid zone. To the center of QVPs, short and small Phragmites australis occurred, where was a medium-high soil salinity (0.12%-0.79%) and low water depth. Further to the center of QVPs, Tamarix chinensis scattered near the water mark line, which is a local area with a medium soil salinity (0.16%-0.70%) and low water depth. Phragmites australis and Imperata cylindrica are located in the center of the QVPs where was a low soil salinity (0.1%-0.32%) and high water depth. In spring and winter, the gray white salt belt with high salinity appeared outside of Suaeda salsa where was a local high salinity (1.6%-3.4%) and dry zone, which was caused by the movement and accumulation of salt caused by evaporation. Therefore, a quasi-circular vegetation patch with ring structure and relatively stable area was formed. We can thus build an ecological restoration model of microtopography construction in combination with water and salt control to promote the progressive succession of vegetation, which provides a nature-based solution for vegetation restoration of saline tidal flat in the Yellow River Delta.


Key words: Suaeda salsa, Tamarix chinensis, Phragmites australis, water-salt threshold, quasi-circular vegetation patch, formation process.