不同电极布置方式和电学参数下拦鱼电栅对鲢的阻拦效果

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202309.021

生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 2176-2183.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202309.021

不同电极布置方式和电学参数下拦鱼电栅对鲢的阻拦效果

黄晓龙¹,白艳勤¹,姜伟²,林枫³,伍遇普³,解立辉⁴,李卫东¹,王慧琳¹,张金玉¹,石小涛^1*

(¹三峡大学水利与环境学院，湖北宜昌 443002； ²三峡工程鱼类资源保护湖北省重点实验室中国三峡集团中华鲟研究所，湖北宜昌 443100； ³长江湖北宜昌中华鲟自然保护区管理处，湖北宜昌 443000； ⁴三峡大学电气与新能源学院，湖北宜昌 443002）

出版日期:2023-09-10 发布日期:2023-09-05

The blocking effects of electric barrier with different electrode arrangements and electrical parameters on silver carp.

HUANG Xiaolong¹, BAI Yanqin¹, JIANG Wei², LIN Feng³, WU Yupu³, XIE Lihui⁴, LI Weidong¹, WANG Huilin¹, ZHANG Jinyu¹, SHI Xiaotao^1*#br#

#br#

(¹College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; ²Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China; ³Chinese Sturgeon Natural Reserve in Yichang Reaches of the Yangtze River, Yichang 443000, Hubei, China; ⁴College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China).

Online:2023-09-10 Published:2023-09-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究不同电极布置方式和电学参数下拦鱼电栅对鲢（平均体长为21.05 cm）的阻拦效果和安全性，在静水条件下，采用4因素3水平的正交实验设计，研究了电极布置方式、脉冲电压、脉冲频率和脉冲宽度等因素对拦鱼电栅阻拦效果和实验鱼受伤尾数的影响；在进水口流速分别为0.3和0.5 m·s^-1的条件下，采用已获取的最佳电极布置方式和电学参数重复放鱼实验，探究拦鱼电栅在不同流速下的适应性。结果表明：在静水条件下，工况二（电极布置方式1且脉冲电压为80 V、脉冲频率为10 Hz、脉冲宽度为30 ms）的阻拦效果最好，阻拦率为100%，各影响因素由主到次的顺序为脉冲电压、脉冲宽度、电极布置方式、脉冲频率；静水条件下，同一因素不同水平的平均阻拦率无显著性差异；采用静水条件下的最佳电极布置方式和电学参数，当进水口流速为0.3 m·s^-1时，拦鱼电栅的平均阻拦率与静水条件下相同，当进水口流速为0.5 m·s^-1时，拦鱼电栅的平均阻拦率下降至97.92%，与静水条件下无显著性差异；电极布置方式和流速能够显著影响实验鱼平均受伤尾数，且实验鱼的平均尝试次数和平均受伤尾数随流速的变化规律具有高度相似性。本实验结果可为拦鱼电栅的设计优化及工程应用提供参考，进一步提升其安全性和有效性。

关键词: 电驱鱼, 脉冲直流电, 电极布置方式, 电学参数, 鲢

Abstract: We investigated the repellency and safety of electric barrier with different electrode arrangements and electrical parameters on silver carp (average body length of 21.05 cm). Under static water condition, an orthogonal experimental design with four factors and three levels was adopted to study the impacts of electrode arrangement, pulse voltage, pulse frequency, and pulse width on the blocking effect of electric barrier and the number of injured experimental fish. Under the conditions of inlet velocity of 0.3 and 0.5 m·s^-1, the optimal electrode arrangement and electrical parameters were used to repeat the experiment to explore the adaptability of the electric barrier at different velocities. Under the static water condition, the blocking effect of the second condition (electrode arrangement 1 with pulse voltage of 80 V, pulse frequency of 10 Hz and pulse width of 30 ms) was the best, with a blocking rate of 100%. The order of influencing factors with respect to strength was pulse voltage, pulse width, electrode arrangement, and pulse frequency. There was no significant difference in the average blocking rate of the same factor at different levels under static water condition. Further, the optimal electrode arrangement and electrical parameters, which were obtained under static water condition, were adopted. When the inlet velocity was 0.3 m·s^-1, the average blocking rate of electric barrier was the same as that under static water condition. When the inlet velocity was 0.5 m·s^-1, the average blocking rate of the electric barrier decreased to 97.92%, which had no difference with that under static water condition. Electrode arrangement and inlet velocity could significantly affect the average number of injured experimental fish, and the variation of the average number of attempts with inlet velocity was highly similar to that of the average number of injured experimental fish. Our results provide reference for the design optimization and engineering application of electric barrier, further improving its safety and effectiveness.

Key words: electric fish driving, pulsed direct current, electrode arrangement, electrical parameter, silver carp.

黄晓龙, 白艳勤, 姜伟, 林枫, 伍遇普, 解立辉, 李卫东, 王慧琳, 张金玉, 石小涛. 不同电极布置方式和电学参数下拦鱼电栅对鲢的阻拦效果[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(9): 2176-2183.

HUANG Xiaolong, BAI Yanqin, JIANG Wei, LIN Feng, WU Yupu, XIE Lihui, LI Weidong, WANG Huilin, ZHANG Jinyu, SHI Xiaotao. The blocking effects of electric barrier with different electrode arrangements and electrical parameters on silver carp.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(9): 2176-2183.

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[2]	黄晓龙, 白艳勤, 崔磊, 谭细畅, 石小涛. 电驱鱼技术在鱼类保护中的应用 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(10): 3364-3374.

不同电极布置方式和电学参数下拦鱼电栅对鲢的阻拦效果

The blocking effects of electric barrier with different electrode arrangements and electrical parameters on silver carp.

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